Ocular movement disorders and extraocular muscle involvement in Iranian Graves' ophthalmopathy patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate movement disorder patterns and extraocular muscle involvement in Iranian Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) patients.

Methods: We examined 75 patients (37 women and 38 men) with GO. Female to male ratio was 0.

Intravitreal triamcinolone as an adjunct to standard laser therapy in coexisting high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and macular photocoagulation (MPC) in comparison with PRP and MPC in eyes with coexisting high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME).

Methods: Twenty-three patients diagnosed with both high-risk PDR and CSME were enrolled in our prospective, randomized clinical trial study. One eye of each patient was selected to undergo IVTA injection one week before initial PRP and MPC (IVTA eye), and the other eye was treated with PRP and MPC (control eye) based on block randomization.