The Anticancer Role of Capsaicin in Experimentallyinduced Lung Carcinogenesis.

Objectives: Capsaicin (CAP) is the chief pungent principle found in the hot red peppers and the chili peppers that have long been used as spices, food additives and drugs. This study investigated the anticancer potential of CAP through its ability to modify extracellular matrix components and proteases during mice lung carcinogenesis.

Methods: Swiss albino mice were treated with benzo(a) pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) orally twice a week for four successive weeks to induce lung cancer at the end of 14(th) week.

Thymoquinone inhibits cell proliferation through regulation of G1/S phase cell cycle transition in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced experimental rat hepatocellular carcinoma.

Dysregulated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis is frequently encountered in several cancers including hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). Thus, agents that inhibit cell proliferation and restrain hepatic tumorigenesis through cell cycle regulation have a beneficial effect in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ), an active compound derived from the medicinal plant Nigella sativa, on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) [0.

Mitigating role of baicalein on lysosomal enzymes and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme status during lung carcinogenesis of Swiss albino mice induced by benzo(a)pyrene.

The lungs mainly serve as a primary site for xenobiotic metabolism and constitute an important defense mechanism against inhalation of carcinogens. Our current study aimed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic efficacy of baicalein (BE) in Swiss albino mice exposed to tobacco-specific carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] for its ability to mitigate pulmonary carcinogenesis. Here, we report that altered activities/levels of lysosomal enzymes (cathepsin-D, cathepsin-B, acid phosphatase, β-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucuronidase, and β-D-N-acetyl glucosaminidase), phase I biotransformation enzymes (cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), and phase II enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, UDP-glucuronyl transferase, and DT-diaphorase) were observed in the B(a)P-induced mice.

Geraniol modulates tongue and hepatic phase I and phase II conjugation activities and may contribute directly to the chemopreventive activity against experimental oral carcinogenesis.

Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are chief determinants in both the susceptibility to mutagenic effect of chemical carcinogens and in the response of tumors to chemotherapy. The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of geraniol administration on the activity of phase I and phase II carcinogen metabolizing enzymes through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation against 4-niroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced oral carcinogenesis. The well-known chemical carcinogen 4NQO (50 ppm) was used to induce oral carcinogenesis through drinking water for 4, 12, and 20 weeks.

Baicalein abrogates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction during experimental pulmonary carcinogenesis in vivo.

Our current study aimed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic efficacy of baicalein (BE) in Swiss albino mice, which is exposed to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] for its ability to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and systolic failure. Here, we report that oral administration of B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight)-induced pulmonary genotoxicities in mice was assessed in terms of elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage in lung mitochondria. MDA-DNA adducts were formed in immunohistochemical analysis, which confirmed nuclear DNA damage.

Baicalein inhibits pulmonary carcinogenesis-associated inflammation and interferes with COX-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in-vivo.

The objective of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of baicalein (BE) on inflammatory cytokines, which is in line with tumor invasion factors and antioxidant defensive system during benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] (50mg/kg body weight) induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. After experimental period, increased levels of total and differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed. Accompanied by marked increase in immature mast cell by toluidine blue staining and mature mast cell by safranin-alcian blue staining in B(a)P-induced lung cancer bearing animals.

Antiproliferative and antioxidant potential of beta-ionone against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.

Nowadays, in developing countries like India, incidence of lung cancer is increasing rapidly, and as a consequence it has become the most common cause of malignancy-associated death. This study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of beta-ionone (ION), a precursor for carotenoids against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced lung carcinogenesis. B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight, orally twice a week for 4 successive weeks)-induced lung cancer in mice was assessed both in tissue and serum in terms of increase LPO and tissue marker enzymes, such as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase with concordant decrease in activities of tissue enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were observed on the treatment of ION (60 mg/kg body weight, orally twice a week for 16 weeks) significantly attenuated LPO and restored all cancer marker enzymes and antioxidants levels to near normal, which indicates the anticancer effect of ION.

Potential preventive effect of carvacrol against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Antioxidants are one of the key players in tumorigenesis, several natural and synthetic antioxidants were shown to have anticancer effects. The aim of the present study is to divulge the chemopreventive nature of carvacrol during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in male wistar albino rats. Administration of DEN to rats resulted in increased relative liver weight and serum marker enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT).

Potent antitumor and antineoplastic efficacy of baicalein on benzo(a)pyrene-induced experimental pulmonary tumorigenesis.

Current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of baicalein (BE), a naturally occurring bioactive flavanoid (5,6,7-trihydroxy-flavone), at a dose of 12 mg/kg body wt in Swiss albino mice exposed to tobacco-specific carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] (50 mg/kg body wt) for its ability to mitigate pulmonary adenoma formation and growth. Under coarse observation, B(a)P-administered mice, after 16 weeks, developed macroscopically detectable tumors, whereas oral treatment with BE to the lung cancer-induced mice significantly reduced tumor incidence in 16-week pre- and posttreated groups. A detailed histopathological examination of lung was conducted to determine the degree of cancer progression.