Molecular characterization and CRISPR/Cas9 validation of the precursor of egg yolk protein gene, vitellogenin of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Vitellogenin (Vg), a yolk protein precursor, plays an important role in the oocyte development of insects and is an important target of genetic pest management. Vg is synthesized in the fat body, transported through haemolymph and accumulates in developing oocytes. In this regard, the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major pest in South and South East Asia and a serious concern for farmers.

Characterization of Gaze Metrics and Visual Search Pattern Among Glaucoma Patients While Viewing Real-World Images.

Prcis: We quantified and compared the gaze metrics during target-oriented visual search tasks between glaucoma and healthy controls. On the basis of a mathematical concept we showed that due to glaucoma, focal search becomes prominent over global search.

Purpose: Visual search (VS) which is essential for target identification and navigation is significantly impacted by glaucoma.

CRISPR/Cas12a ribonucleoprotein mediated editing of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase of Spodoptera frugiperda.

In insect genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 is predominantly employed, while the potential of several classes of Cas enzymes such as Cas12a largely remain untested. As opposed to Cas9 which requires a GC-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), Cas12a requires a T-rich PAM and causes staggered cleavage in the target DNA, opening possibilities for multiplexing. In this regard, the utility of Cas12a has been shown in only a few insect species such as fruit flies and the silkworm, but not in non-model insects such as the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a globally important invasive pest that defies most of the current management methods.

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated validation of spermatogenesis-related gene, tssk2 as a component of genetic pest management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Invasive insect pests, currently, pose a serious economic threat to several staple crops all over the world, one such being the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. It was first observed in Africa since 2016, outside of its natural habitat in the Americas. Subsequently, it invaded several countries in South and South East Asia and also very recently in Australia.

Performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and their preference patterns among the Indian eye care practitioners.

Context: Various systems are available to stage glaucomatous field defects into different severity grades. Still, the preference for such systems among Indian eye care practitioners (ECPs) and the consensus between them are not explored.

Purpose: To compare the clinical performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and to assess their preference patterns among Indian ECPs.

The diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound parameters for airway assessment in patients undergoing intubation in emergency department-an observational study.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is an essential resuscitative procedure in the emergency setting. Airway assessment parameters such as the Mallampati classification are difficult to perform in an emergency setting. As point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) assessment of airway parameters does not require patients to perform any mandatory action, ultrasound may become the potential first-line noninvasive airway assessment tool in the emergency department (ED).

Effect of beta blockers on optical coherence tomography angiography in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes: A prospective study.

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma.

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of () gene disrupts mating in the Fall armyworm, (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Unlabelled: The Fall armyworm, , is a globally important invasive pest, primarily on corn, causing severe yield loss. Overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused significant ecological harm, and in many instances control has failed. Therefore, developing efficient, environmentally friendly substitutes for sustainable management of this pest is of high priority.

Stroke in a patient of anaphylaxis-a case report and brief review.

Background: The use of nonionic low-osmolar contrast media has significantly reduced the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Despite this, severe reactions continue to occur unpredictably. An ischemic stroke in the setting of anaphylaxis is extremely rare.

Expansion of the genetic toolbox for manipulation of the global crop pest Drosophila suzukii: Isolation and assessment of eye colour mutant strains.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly called spotted wing Drosophila, is an important agricultural pest recognised worldwide. D. suzukii is a pest of soft-skinned fruits as females can lay eggs in ripening fruit before harvest.

Point of care gastric ultrasound to predict aspiration in patients undergoing urgent endotracheal intubation in the emergency medicine department.

Background: One significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation is the aspiration of gastric contents. Its prevalence is more in the emergency than in elective settings. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound (GUS) is a non-invasive bedside ultrasonogram that provides both qualitative and quantitative information about the stomach contents.

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of the major sex pheromone gene, acyl-CoA delta-9 desaturase (DES9) in Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a significant global pest causing serious yield loss on several staple crops. In this regard, this pest defies several management approaches based on chemicals, Bt transgenics etc., requiring effective alternatives.

A Study on the Candidate Gene Association and Interaction with Measures of UV Exposure in Pseudoexfoliation Patients from India.

Purpose: Environmental and genetic factors are associated with development of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS). Here we intended to elucidate the association of candidate genes in relevance to UV exposure in these patients.

Methods: This is a case-control study of 309 subjects ( = 219 controls and 90 XFS cases) from India.

Impact of Monocular and Binocular Visual Function Parameters on Vision-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma.

Prcis: This study describes the impact of monocular (M/O) and binocular (B/O) visual function decline, primarily the contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual field (VF) defect severity and its location, on the subjective perception of quality of life (QoL) among the Indian glaucoma population with spared central acuity.

Aim: To investigate the influence of M/O and B/O visual function parameters on vision-related QoL (VRQoL) in glaucoma with spared central visual acuity.

Materials And Methods: Glaucoma subjects underwent M/O and B/O visual acuity, CS assessment, followed by the M/O perimetry from which the integrated VF was estimated (B/O summation method).

Automated Brain Tumor Detection using Ideal Shallow Neural Network with Artificial Jellyfish Optimization.

Introduction: Brain tumors are predicted from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. In recent years, image processing-based automated tools are developed to predict tumor areas with less human interference. However, such automated tools are suffering from computational complexity and reduced accuracy in certain critical images.

Multifocal versus modified monovision corrections: A non-dispensing comparison of visual assessment in presbyopic neophytes.

Purpose: To compare the visual performance of two simultaneous-vision soft multifocal contact lenses and to compare multifocal contact lens and its modified monovision counterpart in presbyopic neophytes.

Methods: A double-masked, prospective, comparative study was conducted on 19 participants fitted with soft PureVision2 multifocal (PVMF) and clariti multifocal (CMF) lenses in random order. High- and low-contrast distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and glare acuity were measured.

Molecular characterization of the Indian isolate (Ka-To) of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infecting tomato ( L.).

Unlabelled: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infecting tomato has been identified as an emerging constraint for tomato cultivation in the southern Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Infection of TSWV produces circular necrotic ring spots on leaves, stem and floral necrosis and necrotic ringspots on fruits of tomato. In this study, we describe the characterization of TSWV isolate (Ka-To) infecting tomato from India based on biological, serological and molecular assay.

Evidence-based insecticide resistance in South American tomato leaf miner, (Meyrick) under laboratory selection.

The South American tomato moth, (Meyrick), is one of the key pests of tomato in India. Since its report in 2014, chemical control has been the main means of tackling this pest, both in the open field and protected cultivation. Despite regular insecticidal sprays, many outbreaks were reported from major tomato-growing regions of South India during 2019-2020.

The evolutionary process of invasion in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

The fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major agricultural pest insects. FAW is native to the Americas, and its invasion was first reported in West Africa in 2016. Then it quickly spread through Africa, Asia, and Oceania, becoming one of the main threats to corn production.

Expression and T cell regulatory action of the PD-1 immune checkpoint in the ovary and fallopian tube.

Problem: Immune cell trafficking and surveillance within the ovary and fallopian tube are thought to impact fertility and also tumorigenesis in those organs. However, little is known of how native cells of the ovary and fallopian tube interact with resident immune cells. Interaction of the Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1/PDCD-1/CD279) checkpoint with PD-L1 is associated with downregulated immune response.

Evaluating the impact of ocular UV exposure for the development for pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a South Indian population.

Clinical Relevance: Pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) can be influenced by environmental factors such as solar exposure/occupational factors and genetic factors.

Background: The study aims to assess the association of lifetime ocular UV exposure and its impact on the risk of development of XFS.

Methods: All eligible subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of glaucoma among different cadres of optometrists.

Purpose: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice of glaucoma among optometry students and optometry practitioners with different years of clinical experience and academic background.

Methods: A survey with 20 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of glaucoma was prepared and self-administered to optometry students and optometry practitioners practicing in an eye hospital/clinic/optical with varied years of clinical experience and education qualification.

Results: Among the 558 participants, 57% were optometry practitioners and 43% were students.

Rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: a rare cause of acute ischaemic chest pain in the emergency department.

Acute chest pain is a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits in the adult population. However, patients with a life-threatening cause of chest pain comprise only a small fraction, hence identification of those who need immediate intervention is very important. One rare cause is rupture of the aneurysm, which may present with a wide variety of symptomatology, including anginal chest pain.