Immune response of S. Typhi-derived Vi polysaccharide and outer membrane protein a conjugate in mice.

Typhoid fever is a serious concern precisely in developing nations. Still investigators are exploring a better conjugate partner for Vi-polysaccharide to develop a more effective vaccine for typhoid fever. Here, we cloned and expressed S.

Alteration of Mitochondrial Function in Oxidative Stress in Parkinsonian Neurodegeneration: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Context: Appropriate mitochondrial function and oxidative balance are critical to neuronal survival. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress that can cause free radical damage to biomolecules of the cell components and the molecules in the cellular milieu that eventually lead to a variety of chronic diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction initiates neuronal apoptosis thereby leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Volume, conductivity, and scatter parameters of leukocytes as early markers of sepsis and treatment response.

Introduction: Morphologic changes in the size and granularity of leukocytes seen in sepsis could be measured using the volume, conductivity, and scatter (VCS parameters) from the automated hematology analyzers. The objective of this study is to find the clinical usefulness of VCS parameters as possible indicators of sepsis and to determine the effect of treatment on these parameters.

Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital in India.

Serum S100B levels in patients with depression.

Background: The biochemical basis of depression has been related to blood-brain barrier (BBB) allowing/restricting a number of components to enter the brain milieu from the peripheral plasma milieu. S100B has been associated with BBB damage and is used as a marker of its integrity. Several studies have reported that depressive patients have increased levels of S100B in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Parkinson's Disease: Potential for a novel biomarker.

Background: Progressive apoptosis in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra lead to Parkinson's disease. Since neurons require substantially higher supply of energy, their mitochondria have a pivotal status in neuronal survival. These organelles have a key role to play in apoptosis and any impairment thereof may lead to apoptosis mediated cell death.

Acute Traumatic Endotheliopathy in Isolated Severe Brain Injury and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Objective: To investigate the difference in plasma levels of syndecan-1 (due to glycocalyx degradation) and soluble thrombomodulin (due to endothelial damage) in isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with/without early coagulopathy. A secondary objective was to compare the effects of the degree of TBI endotheliopathy on hospital mortality among patients with TBI-associated coagulopathy (TBI-AC).

Prognostic significance of D-dimer, natural anticoagulants and routine coagulation parameters in acute pancreatitis.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the predictive value of coagulation abnormalities in determining disease severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Patients of AP and 25 healthy volunteers were included in this prospective observational study. The final outcomes were disease severity assessed by Computed Tomography Severity Index, Acute Physiological Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation--II, presence of organ failure and mortality.

Do gene polymorphism in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 influence therapeutic response in patients with drug refractory epilepsy?

Purpose: Pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important pathophysiological role in patients with epilepsy. To understand the role of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines in epilepsy, this study aimed to evaluate the polymorphisms of the promoter regions of IL-1β-511C>T (rs16944), TNF-α-308G>A (rs1800629) and IL-6-174G>C (rs1800795) genes and to look into the interaction between these genes in influencing seizure susceptibility, seizure frequency and response to therapy.

Methods: The comparative frequency of polymorphism was determined in rs16944, rs1800629 and rs1800795 using PCR-RFLP in a group of 120 persons with epilepsy (PWE) and 110 ethnically matched healthy subjects of comparable age and sex in the North Indian population.