This study investigated the temporal change in the oxidation area on a titanium (Ti) bipolar electrode (BPE) subjected to bipolar anodization in a direct current (DC) electric field using a spectrophotometer. The rectangular Ti sheet used as a BPE was horizontally positioned at the center of a cell. After the DC bipolar anodization, the oxidized area was detected nondestructively and visually using a specific interference color that depends on the thickness of the barrier-type oxide film formed on the Ti BPE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
November 2021
Motion recognition based on surface electromyogram (sEMG) recorded from the forearm is attracting attention for its applicability because it easily integrates with wearable devices and has a high signal-to-noise ratio. Inter-subject variability and inadequate data availability are common problems encountered in classifiers. Transfer learning (TL) techniques can reduce the inter-subject variability; however, when the amount of data recorded from each source subject is small, the TL-combined classifier is prone to overfitting problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of the size and position of an aluminum bipolar electrode (BPE) on the uniformity of formation of anodic porous alumina in an alternating current electric field were investigated. Anodized specimens were dyed, and the resistance was measured after the specimens were anodized again. Phenomena observed during film formation indicated that the BPEs had unique potential distributions that strongly depended on their length and width.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can potentially enable people to non-invasively and directly communicate with others using brain activities. Artifacts generated from body activities (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo fabricate a freestanding through-hole Au membrane using an anodic porous alumina template, Au was deposited on the outermost surface of an anodic film followed by the removal of the template. Alumina templates with different dimensions (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInspired by a bacteriogenic, iron-based oxide material and a traditional Japanese red pigment, a bright yellowish-red pigment was prepared by heating an Al-containing iron oxyhydroxide precursor. The obtained red pigment had a unique porous disk-like structure, comprising Al-substituted hematite particles and crystalline alumina nanoparticles. Although these disk-like structures loosely gathered to form an aggregate in powder, they can be easily dispersed into a single, disk-like structure by simple ultrasonic irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of the addition of alcohol to a NaPO-based electrolyte on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated. Anodization with spark discharge was conducted in NaPO-based electrolyte containing various alcohols (, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) at a constant current density of 200 A m and a constant temperature of 25 °C. Voltage-time curves during the PEO process, the film structure, surface roughness, crystallographic structure, composition, corrosion resistance, and withstand voltage were investigated using various analytical equipment and electrochemical measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe properties of composite coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) were affected by the alloy composition. The corrosion resistance and apatite-forming ability of PEO coatings formed on Mg-6Al-1Zn-xCa alloys with a variation of Ca content were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed an order magnitude improvement of corrosion resistance in the AZ61 alloy as a result of the coating.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumans divide perceived continuous information into segments to facilitate recognition. For example, humans can segment speech waves into recognizable morphemes. Analogously, continuous motions are segmented into recognizable unit actions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of alloying element Ca on the corrosion behavior and bioactivity of films formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on AM60 alloys were investigated. The corrosion behavior was studied by conducting electrochemical tests in 0.9% NaCl solution while the bioactivity was evaluated by soaking the specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Res Lett
December 2017
GaAs nanopillar arrays were successfully fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching using Au nanodot arrays. The nanodot arrays were formed on substrates by vacuum deposition through a porous alumina mask with an ordered array of openings. By using an etchant with a high acid concentration and low oxidant concentration at a relatively low temperature, the area surrounding the Au/GaAs interface could be etched selectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe traditional Japanese overglaze ceramic, porcelain, typically known for Kakiemon-style wares, has been prized around the world for over 400 years. The red color of porcelain provides an attractive contrast to white porcelain. In recent years, because the use of leaded frit in making has been restricted by law owing to the effects of lead on human health and the environment, lead-free glass frit mixtures for overglaze ceramic wares have been developed in various porcelain production areas throughout Japan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is growing interest in understanding how the brain utilizes synchronized oscillatory activity to integrate information across functionally connected regions. Computing phase-locking values (PLV) between EEG signals is a popular method for quantifying such synchronizations and elucidating their role in cognitive tasks. However, high-dimensionality in PLV data incurs a serious multiple testing problem.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoporous and single phase α-alumina membranes with pore diameters tunable over a wide range of approximately 60-350 nm were successfully fabricated by optimizing the conditions for anodizing, subsequent detachment, and heat treatment. The pore diameter increased and the cell diameter shrunk upon crystallization to α-alumina by approximately 20% and 3%, respectively, in accordance with the 23% volume shrinkage resulting from the change in density associated with the transformation from the amorphous state to α-alumina. Nevertheless, flat α-alumina membranes, each with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 50 μm, were obtained without thermal deformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Res Lett
October 2013
Sub-100-nm silicon nanohole arrays were fabricated by a combination of the site-selective electroless deposition of noble metals through anodic porous alumina and the subsequent metal-assisted chemical etching. Under optimum conditions, the formation of deep straight holes with an ordered periodicity (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe morphological change of silicon macropore arrays formed by metal-assisted chemical etching using shape-controlled Au thin film arrays was investigated during anisotropic chemical etching in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aqueous solution. After the deposition of Au as the etching catalyst on (111) silicon through a honeycomb mask prepared by sphere lithography, the specimens were etched in a mixed solution of HF and H2O2 at room temperature, resulting in the formation of ordered macropores in silicon along the [111] direction, which is not achievable by conventional chemical etching without a catalyst. In the anisotropic etching in TMAH, the macropores changed from being circular to being hexagonal and finally to being triangular, owing to the difference in etching rate between the crystal planes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo fabricate ordered geometric patterns consisting of InP nanoporous structures, a photoresist mask with periodic opening arrays was prepared by sphere photolithography. The diameter and interval of the openings of the photoresist mask could be controlled independently by adjusting the diameter of silica spheres used as a lens and the exposure time. Through this resist mask with a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal array of openings, the pore growth of InP during anodic etching was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComputing phase-locking values between EEG signals is a popular method for quantifying functional connectivity. However, this method involves large-scale, high-resolution datasets, which impose a serious multiple testing problem. Standard multiple testing methods fail to exploit the information from the complex dependence structure that varies across hypotheses in spectral, temporal, and spatial dimensions and result in a severe loss of power.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApatite depositions from simulated body fluid (SBF) have been widely used for the in vitro assessment of the bioactivity of bone- and dental-implant materials. In previous work, we reported that titanium-based implant materials can be coated with an anodic TiO(2) nanotube layer which can significantly stimulate apatite formation. In the present work, we demonstrate that the tubular nature of such coatings makes them highly suitable for the application of a treatment called "alternative immersion method (AIM)", which preloads the coatings with synthetic hydroxyapatite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report two types of site-selective metal deposition methods based on colloidal crystal templating. We discuss in particular the controllability of the morphology and crystallinity of Au nanodots depending of the choice of method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
December 2007
Site-selective Cu deposition on a Si substrate was achieved by a combination of colloidal crystal templating, hydrophobic treatment, and electroless plating. Uniformly sized nano/microstructures were produced on the substrate using a monolayer coating of colloidal spheres instead of a conventional resist. The Cu patterns obtained were of two different types: networklike honeycomb and isolated-island patterns with a minimum period of 200 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine predictive values for the effect of the "Type 1" (hopeless and emotion-suppressive, cancer prone), "Type 4" (autonomous, healthy), and "Type 5" (rational/antiemotional, cancer prone) personalities proposed by Grossarth-Maticek on the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
Methods: 68 lung cancer patients were scored on the Types 1, 4, and 5 personality scales of the Short Interpersonal Reactions Inventory and were followed until the date of death or were censored at a maximum of 5.7 years after entry.
Background: The incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is expected to increase due to delayed control of occupational exposure to asbestos in Japan. We investigated the use of triplet combination chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP), gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VNR) for the treatment of Japanese patients with MPM.
Methods: From December 2000 to August 2003, 12 patients received the following regimen: CDDP 40 mg/m(2), GEM 800 mg/m(2) and VNR 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks.
Background And Objectives: To determine the prognostic factors for long-term survivors (LTS) with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had undergone various treatments.
Patients And Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 222 NSCLC patients with stage IV disease, who had been treated in our department, were reviewed. As the initial treatment, 135 patients (48%) were treated with chemotherapy alone, 52 patients with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 19 patients underwent an operation with or without any other therapeutic modalities and 16 were received radiotherapy alone.
Background And Objectives: Surgery is a standard treatment in patients with clinical stage IB/II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We often have difficulty in treating of elderly patients due to their insufficient physiological function. To better manage such elderly patients, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with these stages, who were 75 years of age or older, were reviewed.
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