The genetics of drug-related movement disorders, an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

This umbrella review investigates which genetic factors are associated with drug-related movement disorders (DRMD), in an attempt to provide a synthesis of published evidence of candidate-gene studies. To identify all relevant meta-analyses, a literature search was performed. Titles and abstracts were screened by two authors and the methodological quality of included meta-analyses was assessed using 'the assessment of multiple systematic reviews' (AMSTAR) critical appraisal checklist.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as a putative protective factor against tardive dyskinesia.

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially irreversible consequence of long term treatment with antipsychotic drugs which is according to a well-known theory believed to be related to oxidative stress induced neurotoxicity. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an endogenous antioxidant with neuroprotective activity. The biosynthesis of DHEA depends upon the activity of cytochrome P450c17α (CYP17).

Genetic variation and the risk of haloperidol-related parkinsonism in elderly patients: a candidate gene approach.

Factors that influence the variation in occurrence of antipsychotic-related parkinsonism in elderly have not been well elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether previous identified and studied genetic polymorphisms at DRD2, ANKK1, DRD3, HTR2A, HTR2C, RGS2, COMT, and BDNF genes are associated with antipsychotic-related parkinsonism in elderly patients.This cross-sectional study included 150 inpatients aged 65 years and older who were treated with haloperidol.

Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in long-stay psychiatric patients and 45 tag SNPs in 7 candidate genes: a prospective study.

Objective: Four types of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders: tardive dyskinesia (TD), parkinsonism, akathisia and tardive dystonia, subtypes of TD (orofacial and limb truncal dyskinesia), subtypes of parkinsonism (rest tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia), as well as a principal-factor of the movement disorders and their subtypes, were examined for association with variation in 7 candidate genes (GRIN2B, GRIN2A, HSPG2, DRD3, DRD4, HTR2C, and NQO1).

Methods: Naturalistic study of 168 white long-stay patients with chronic mental illness requiring long-term antipsychotic treatment, examined by the same rater at least two times over a 4-year period, with a mean follow-up time of 1.1 years, with validated scales for TD, parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dystonia.

No involvement of the adenosine A2A receptor in tardive dyskinesia in Russian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia.

Background: The adenosine A2A receptor forms a heteromeric complex with the striatal dopamine D2 receptor. We examined whether a specific polymorphism in adenosine A2A receptor (2592 C/Tins) is associated with tardive dyskinesia.

Methods: Tardive dyskinesia was assessed cross-sectionally in 146 Caucasian psychiatric inpatients from Siberia.

Dried blood spot UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of oseltamivir and oseltamivircarboxylate--a validated assay for the clinic.

The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is currently the first-line therapy for patients with influenza virus infection. Common analysis of the prodrug and its active metabolite oseltamivircarboxylate is determined via extraction from plasma. Compared with these assays, dried blood spot (DBS) analysis provides several advantages, including a minimum sample volume required for the measurement of drugs in whole blood.

Association between the ROBO1 gene and body mass index in patients using antipsychotics.

Background: Weight gain is one of the major problems in patients using antipsychotic medication, leading to relevant morbidities and reduced compliance to pharmacotherapy. Recently, an association has been reported between a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1455832) of the roundabout axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (ROBO1) gene and body mass index (BMI) in persons younger than 30 years. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between BMI and rs1455832 in patients with a psychotic disorder using antipsychotics.

Association of genetic variants of the histamine H1 and muscarinic M3 receptors with BMI and HbA1c values in patients on antipsychotic medication.

Rationale: Antipsychotic affinity for the histamine H1 receptor and the muscarinic M3 receptor have been associated with the side effects weight gain, and development of diabetes, respectively.

Objectives: We investigated polymorphisms of the histamine H1 (HRH1) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3) receptor genes for an association with body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Methods: We included 430 Caucasian patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder using antipsychotics for at least 3 months.

Estradiol gel: review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in menopausal women.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a gel containing estradiol that is applied to the skin.

Design: MEDLINE and EMBASE searches were conducted from 1966 to March 2005. Additional references were identified from bibliographies from selected studies in addition to approved product information.