- The study used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to measure heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in Kafr El-Zayat, Egypt, analyzing 21 elements in 16 samples.
- Results showed that average concentrations of several heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu) exceeded global background levels and Canadian soil quality guidelines, indicating potential contamination.
- Multivariate analysis revealed three clusters of heavy metal correlations, and the overall contamination factor suggested moderate contamination levels across all sampling sites.