Phyto-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Their Biological Activities.

Background: Nanotechnology finds broad applications in the field of nanomedicine, an emerging new field used for diagnosis, treatment, prevention of diseases, and improvement of health.

Objectives: To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from and and to carry out their antimicrobial, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities, a step toward the new range of nanomedicines.

Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from and by chemical reduction method, and further biological activities of these nanoparticles were compared with crude methanolic extract, prepared through cold maceration process, at the concentration of 50 mg/ml.

Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications.

The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources of extracellular vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary sources which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood and tissue. Extensive research in the past decade has established that the breadth of EV applications is wide.

Heat shock protein 20 promotes sirtuin 1-dependent cell proliferation in induced pluripotent stem cells.

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that protect cells against cellular stresses or injury. However, it has been increasingly recognized that they also play crucial roles in regulating fundamental cellular processes. HSP20 has been implicated in cell proliferation, but conflicting studies have shown that it can either promote or suppress proliferation.

Artificial intelligence and guidance of medicine in the bubble.

Microbubbles are nanosized gas-filled bubbles. They are used in clinical diagnostics, in medical imaging, as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging, and as transporters for targeted drug delivery. They can also be used to treat thrombosis, neoplastic diseases, open arteries and vascular plaques and for localized transport of chemotherapies in cancer patients.

Microbubbles Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Cargo for Targeting Drug Delivery.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microbubbles are nanoparticles in drug-delivery systems that are both considered important for clinical translation. Current research has found that both microbubbles and EVs have the potential to be utilized as drug-delivery agents for therapeutic targets in various diseases. In combination with EVs, microbubbles are capable of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor sites and neighboring sites of damaged tissues.

Clinical Relevance of RNA Editing to Early Detection of Cancer in Human.

DNA encodes RNA and is responsible for protein production in cells. RNA editing is the process by which genetic information is altered in the RNA molecule. RNA editing in cancer initiation, progression and development has been well documented and play an important role in tumorigenesis.

Clinical Applications of RNA Editing Technology for the Early Detection of Cancer and Future Directions.

Early detection of cancer has great clinical importance and potentially improves cure, survival rate and treatment outcome. RNA editing technology can be used as targeted and precise molecular scissors to cut and replace disease-causing genes with healthy ones. This is a post transcriptional modification that can lead to the recoding of proteins.

Mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance in breast cancer via a CD9 dependent mechanism.

The development of chemotherapy drug resistance remains a significant barrier for effective therapy in several cancers including breast cancer. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have previously been shown to influence tumor progression and the development of chemoresistance. In the present study, we showed that when GFP labelled BMMSCs and RFP labelled HCC1806 cells are injected together , they create tumors which contain a new hybrid cell that has characteristics of both BMMSCs and HCC1806 cells.

Detection, virulence and genetic diversity of Fusarium species infecting tomato in Northern Pakistan.

In addition to the well-known Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, several other Fusarium species are known to cause extensive worldwide crop losses in tomatoes.

A glucanolytic Pseudomonas sp. associated with Smilax bona-nox L. displays strong activity against Phytophthora parasitica.

Biological control is an eco-friendly strategy for mitigating and controlling plant diseases with negligible effects on human health and environment. Biocontrol agents are mostly isolated from field crops, and microbiomes associated with wild native plants is underexplored. The main objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial isolates associated with Smilax bona-nox L, a successful wild plant with invasive growth habits.

A highly efficient ligation-independent cloning system for CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing in plants.

Background: Most current methods for constructing guide RNAs (gRNA) for the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, depend on traditional cloning using specific type IIS restriction enzymes and DNA ligation. These methods consist of multiple steps of cloning, and are time consuming, resource intensive and not flexible. These issues are particularly exacerbated when multiple guide RNAs need to be assembled in one plasmid such as for multiplexing or for the paired nickases approach.