Immigration and screening programs for hemoglobinopathies in Italy, Spain and Turkey.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases in the world. The number of migrants and refugees in Europe and Turkey, in the past decade, has increased dramatically due to war, violence or prosecutions in their homeland. Prevention and management of haemoglobin disorders is well established and managed in countries where these conditions were traditionally endemic or in countries that have a longstanding tradition of receiving migrants.

[An adult case of visceral leishmaniasis in a province of Black-Sea region, Turkey].

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) which is a chronic disease caused by the protozoon, Leishmania, occurs widely worldwide and it is widespread in most of the countries in the Mediterranean basin. The infection which is transmitted by a sandfly (Phlebotomus) vector, has a prolonged incubation period and insidious onset. VL generally affects children and may be fatal if not treated.

Otoacoustic emissions and effects of contralateral white noise stimulation on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in diabetic children.

Objective: In this study, our aim was to determine presence of dysfunction in the efferent auditory system of children with type-I diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting no evidence of symptomatic neuropathy.

Methods: Thirty children with type-I DM (DM group) and 31 age matched healthy children (control group) with normal hearing and middle ear function were entered to the study. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE) measurements were performed.