Enhancing proteasome activity by NMDAR antagonists explains their therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative and mental diseases.

NMDAR antagonists, such as memantine and ketamine, have shown efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases and major depression. The mechanism by which these drugs correct the aforementioned diseases is still unknown. Our study reveals that these antagonists significantly enhance 20S proteasome activity, crucial for degrading intrinsically disordered, oxidatively damaged, or misfolded proteins, factors pivotal in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Influence of Chirality of Benzimidazole Amine Hybrids on Inhibition of Human Erythrocytes Carbonic Anhydrase I, II and Acetylcholinesterase.

Novel chiral benzimidazole amine hybrids (4a-4d) were synthesized from commercially available amine [(R)- (+)-phenylethylamine, (-) (S)-(-)-phenylethylamine, (-) (R)-(-)-cyclohexylethylamine, (S)-(+)-cyclohexylethylamine] and 2-(chloromethyl)-N-tosyl-1H-benzimidazole. The synthesized compounds (4a-4d) were characterized by IR, NMR, and LC/MS analysis. The inhibitory effect of 4a-4d on human erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase I (hCA-I), II (hCA-II), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was investigated.

Increased levels of cell wall degrading enzymes and peptidases are associated with aggressiveness in a virulent isolate of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata.

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is a fungal pathogen that causes the spot form of net blotch on barley and leads to economic losses in many of the world's barley-growing regions. Isolates of Ptm exhibit varying levels of aggressiveness that result in quantifiable changes in the severity of the disease.

Bayesian Network as a Decision Tool for Predicting ALS Disease.

Clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is difficult in the early period. But blood tests are less time consuming and low cost methods compared to other methods for the diagnosis. The ALS researchers have been used machine learning methods to predict the genetic architecture of disease.

DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, and photochemical properties of chalcone-containing metallophthalocyanine compounds.

In this study, two novel phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized using their corresponding metal salts and 4-(4-(3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)phthalo-nitrile as chalcone ligand (4), which was prepared from the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 4-hydroxyphenyl-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3). These metallophthalocyanines showed good solubility in organic solvents such as CDCl, DCM, THF, DMF, and DMSO. The novel phthalocyanine compounds 4a (Pc-Zn) and 4b (Pc-Co) were characterized using their UV-vis, FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectra and elemental analysis.

Proteome of monoclonal antibody-purified haustoria from Puccinia triticina Race-1.

Puccinia triticina causes leaf rust, a disease that causes annual yield losses in wheat. It is an obligate parasite that invades the host leaf and forms intracellular structures called haustoria, which obtain nutrients and suppress host immunity using secreted proteins called effectors. Since effector proteins act at the frontier between plant and pathogen and help determine the outcome of the interaction, it is critical to understand their functions.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of optically active conjugated γ- and δ-lactone derivatives.

An efficient synthesis of racemic and both enantiomeric forms of heteroaryl substituted γ- and δ-lactone derivatives derived from allyl and homoallyl alcohol backbones has been accomplished via ring closing metathesis reaction. 2-Heteroaryl substituted allyl and homoallyl alcohols have been efficiently resolved through enzymatic method with high ee (97-99%) and known stereochemistry. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of target lactones were evaluated.

Changes in intracellular protein expression in cortex, thalamus and hippocampus in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by repeated seizures resulting from abnormal activation of neurons in the brain. Although mutations in genes related to Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) channels have been defined, few studies show intracellular protein changes. We have used proteomics to investigate the expression of soluble proteins in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy "Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS)".

Synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3,5,6,7,8 hexols (Bishomoinositols) as glycosidase inhibitors.

For the construction of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane skeleton, 2,2-dimethyl-3a,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxole was reacted with vinylene carbonate to give two isomeric cycloadditon products having the bicyclo[2.