Clinical, Radiologic, and Functional Outcomes following Bone Grafting for Metacarpal Non-Unions: A Systematic Review.

: Metacarpal non-unions are complex hand defects that can lead to severe hand impairment. Treatment may require the use of artificial or autologous bone grafts. This systematic review aims to describe the outcomes of bone grafting following metacarpal non-union in an attempt to establish an optimal therapeutic protocol for this complication.

Is there any advantage between using continuous passive motion and conventional physical therapy in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We are unsure if continuous passive motion (CPM) has any role in the nonoperative management of the Primary Stiff Shoulder (frozen shoulder). We hypothesized that there is no difference in pain improvement, range of motion, and function with or without CPM in patients with a primary stiff shoulder.

Method: We searched the databases for clinical trials comparing CPM versus no-CPM physiotherapy.

Patient-Reported Quality of Recovery after Local Anesthesia versus Brachial Plexus Block in Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Both local anesthesia (LA) and brachial plexus (BP) anesthesia are commonly used in hand surgery. LA has increased efficiency and reduced costs, but BP is often favored for more complex hand surgery, despite requiring greater time and resources. The primary objective of this study was to assess the quality of recovery of patients who received LA or BP block for hand surgery.

The Role of Intravenous Heparin Following Digital Replantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study on 1,155 Digits.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of postoperative therapeutic dose intravenous heparin (POTDIVH) was indicated in digital replantation and revascularization by assessing digit survival and complications associated with heparin.

Methods: All patients with amputation distal to the carpal tunnel treated at our center from 2004 to 2020 were included for chart review. Digit survival and complication rates were compared between patients who received POTDIVH (group A) and those who did not (group B).

A Comparative Cost Analysis of Local Anesthesia versus Brachial Plexus Block for Complex Hand Surgery.

Background: Local anesthesia has shown to be safe and cost-effective for elective hand surgery procedures performed outside of the operating room. The economic benefits of local anesthesia compared to regional anesthesia for hand surgeries performed in the operating room involving repair of tendons, nerves, arteries, or bones are unclear. This study aimed to compare costs pertinent to hand surgeries performed in the main operating room under local anesthesia (LA) or brachial plexus (BP) block.

Restoration of Hip Biomechanics after a Hemiarthroplasty for a Femoral Neck Fracture-Who Does It Better?

Introduction: The restoration of the preoperative biomechanics of the hip, in particular leg length and femoral offset, are critical in restoring normal function and diminishing the risk of dislocation following hip arthroplasty. This study compares the consistency of arthroplasty and non-arthroplasty orthopedic surgeons in restoring the normal biomechanics of the hip when performing a hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of a femoral neck fracture.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative and postoperative digital radiographs of 175 hips that had a modular hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of a displaced femoral neck fracture at a Level 1 academic hospital.

Efficacy and Safety of Migraine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes and Complication Rates.

Objective: The objectives of this study are to assess the efficacy and safety of peripheral nerve surgery for migraine headaches and to bibliometrically analyze all anatomical studies relevant to migraine surgery.

Summary Background Data: Migraines rank as the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite the availability of conservative management options, individuals suffer from refractive migraines which are associated with poor quality of life.

Tendon: Principles of Healing and Repair.

Tendon stores, releases, and dissipates energy to efficiently transmit contractile forces from muscle to bone. Tendon injury is exceedingly common, with the spectrum ranging from chronic tendinopathy to acute tendon rupture. Tendon generally develops according to three main steps: collagen fibrillogenesis, linear growth, and lateral growth.

Peripheral Nerve Healing: So Near and Yet So Far.

Peripheral nerve injuries represent a considerable portion of chronic disability that especially affects the younger population. Prerequisites of proper peripheral nerve injury treatment include in-depth knowledge of the anatomy, pathophysiology, and options in surgical reconstruction. Our greater appreciation of nerve healing mechanisms and the development of different microsurgical techniques have significantly refined the outcomes in treatment for the past four decades.

Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair.

Bones comprise a significant percentage of human weight and have important physiologic and structural roles. Bone remodeling occurs when healthy bone is renewed to maintain bone strength and maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It proceeds through four phases: (1) cell activation, (2) resorption, (3) reversal, and (4) bone formation.

Prevalence of Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in the confirmed COVID-19 patients. This might help showing which comorbidity might pose the patients at risk of more severe symptoms.

Methods: We searched all relevant databases on April 7, 2020 using the keywords ("novel coronavirus" OR COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus) AND (comorbidities OR clinical characteristics OR epidemiologic).

Material-Induced Venosome-Supported Bone Tubes.

The development of alternatives to vascular bone grafts, the current clinical standard for the surgical repair of large segmental bone defects still today represents an unmet medical need. The subcutaneous formation of transplantable bone has been successfully achieved in scaffolds axially perfused by an arteriovenous loop (AVL) and seeded with bone marrow stromal cells or loaded with inductive proteins. Although demonstrating clinical potential, AVL-based approaches involve complex microsurgical techniques and thus are not in widespread use.

Fowler Central Slip Tenotomy or Spiral Oblique Retinacular Ligament Reconstruction? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study in Swan-Neck Deformity.

The goal of this study is to biomechanically compare Fowler central slip tenotomy with spiral oblique retinacular ligament (SORL) reconstruction in correcting a chronic mallet deformity as part of a swan-neck deformity. We used 24 human cadaver fingers from 6 hands. Mallet finger and swan-neck deformities were created; then, Fowler tenotomy was done on one group including 3 hands with 12 fingers, and SORL reconstruction was done on the others.

Comparison of Custom-made Versus Prefabricated Thumb Splinting for Carpometacarpal Arthrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The goal of this study was to compare the two types of orthoses, prefabricated soft splints versus short thermoplastic custom-made splints, that are the most commonly used for the management of first carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review in the literature based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We extracted the outcomes of disability scores, pain scores, grip and pinch strength and gathered the unified data accordingly.

The Rate of Radial Head Prosthesis Removal or Revision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review with the primary objective to determine the overall incidence of radial head prosthesis removal or revision. Our secondary objectives addressed the incidence of removal or revision based on the type of prosthesis fixation (cemented, uncemented smooth stem, uncemented press-fit), material (metal, Vitallium, titanium, pyrocarbon), and design (short vs long stem and monopolar vs bipolar), and the reasons for prosthetic removal or revision.

Methods: We included 30 studies with a total of 1,017 patients out of whom 77 prostheses were removed and 45 prostheses were revised.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) Questionnaire.

Background: To validate the Persian version of the simple shoulder test in patients with shoulder joint problems.

Methods: Following Beaton`s guideline, translation and back translation was conducted. We reached to a consensus on the Persian version of SST.

Diffuse subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage as the presenting sign of a conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation: Case report.

Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular lesions that usually present with progressive myelopathy or less frequently, with acute neurological deficit due to hematomyelia or spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There are few reports of concomitant cerebral SAH and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) following rupture of a spinal AVM. Herein, we present a rare case of conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation, out-breaking with loss of consciousness due to SAH and IVH.

Spinal Intradural Primary Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor with Leptomeningeal Seeding: Case Report and Literature Review.

Spinal intradural primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare in patients without neurofibromatosis. Here we represent a 3-year-old girl of primary intradural spinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The tumor was removed partially and MPNST was diagnosed in the histopathological examination.

Failure Rate of Spine Surgeons in Preoperative Clinical Screening of Severe Psychological Disorders.

Background: The surgeon's attention to the patient's underlying psychological state is essential to attaining desired outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in patients undergoing elective spine surgery.

Methods: In this case-control study, associated psychological disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire at a single academic spine surgery center from August 2013 to June 2015.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Reliability Testing of the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire in Persian Population with Low Back Pain.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Purpose: We aimed to validate the Persian version of the modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (MODQ) in patients with low back pain.

Overview Of Literature: Modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire is a well-known condition-specific outcome measure that helps quantify disability in patients with lumbar syndromes.

Five-Level Posterior Total En Bloc Spondylectomy of Severe Myelomeningocele Kyphosis.

Background: In this case report we discuss a case of thoracolumbar kyphectomy associated with myelomeningocoele. To our knowledge, no such total spondylectomy and fascinating alignment, with no skin defect on the outcome, has been reported in the literature.

Case Description: A 15-year-old paraplegic girl, suffering from severe kyphosis, was not able to sit in a wheelchair.

Intrapelvic Lumbosacral Fracture Dislocation in a Neurologically Intact Patient: A Case Report.

Introduction: Lumbosacral fracture dislocation is a rare entity mainly occurred in high-energy trauma accidents. In this unstable injury, anatomical separation of the spinal column from pelvis is usually associated with severe neurological deficits.

Case Presentation: We described a 16-year-old girl with extremely severe axial trauma to the lumbosacral spine who presented with fracture dislocation of the lumbosacral spine and its intrusion to the pelvic space.