Gallic acid's protective mechanisms against acrylamide-induced pulmonary injury: in vivo and in silico insights into the Nrf-2/HO-1/NFκB pathway modulation.

Acrylamide (ACR) is a toxic compound formed during the heating of tobacco and starchy foods, contributing to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and significant health risks. This study evaluates the protective effects of gallic acid (GA), a natural polyphenol with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against ACR-induced lung injury. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups: Control, ACR, GA50 + ACR, GA100 + ACR, and GA100.