Early or delayed cord clamping during transition of term newborns: does it make any difference in cerebral tissue oxygenation?

Background: According to the World Health Organization's recommendation, delayed cord clamping in term newborns can have various benefits. Cochrane metaanalyses reported no differences for mortality and early neonatal morbidity although a limited number of studies investigated long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of our study is to compare the postnatal cerebral tissue oxygenation values in babies with early versus delayed cord clamping born after elective cesarean section.

Safety of different cord clamping strategies in the early postnatal period.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ICC (cord clamping within the first 15 s), DCC (delayed cord clamping at 60 s), and cut-UCM (cut-umbilical cord milking, cord clamping within the first 15 s) groups on oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and perfusion index (PI) up to 10 min after birth in newborn infants.

Methods: We conducted this randomized clinical trial in the delivery unit of a University Hospital with 189 infants born between 35 and 42 weeks of gestation. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: ICC, DCC, and cut-UCM.

Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.

Introduction: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after standard-of-care antibiotics. VOWST oral spores (VOS, previously SER-109), an FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, is indicated to prevent rCDI following antibiotics for rCDI.

Objective, Design, And Patients: To evaluate safety and efficacy of VOS from two phase 3 trials, (randomized, placebo-controlled [ECOSPOR III: NCT03183128] and open-label, single arm [ECOSPOR IV: NCT03183141]) of 349 adults with rCDI and prevalent comorbidities.

Assessment of Autoregulation of the Cerebral Circulation during Acute Lung Injury in a Neonatal Porcine Model.

In neonates with acute lung injury (ALI), targeting lower oxygenation saturations is suggested to limit oxygen toxicity while maintaining vital organ function. Although thresholds for cerebral autoregulation are studied for the management of premature infants, the impact of hypoxia on hemodynamics, tissue oxygen consumption and extraction is not well understood in term infants with ALI. We examined hemodynamics, cerebral autoregulation and fractional oxygen extraction, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and blood gases, in a neonatal porcine oleic acid injury model of moderate ALI.

Prongs or Mask for Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Neonates: Which One Is More Comfortable?

Background: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is a common mode of respiratory support in neonatal intensive care units. Our objective was to compare whether NCPAP given with nasal prongs compared with a nasal mask reduces the pain scores in preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Methods: Preterm infants on NCPAP due to respiratory distress were included in the study.

Prevalence of Comorbid Factors in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Randomized Trial of an Oral Microbiota-Based Therapeutic.

Background: Although comorbidities are risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), many clinical trials exclude patients with medical conditions such as malignancy or immunosuppression. In a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (ECOSPOR III), fecal microbiota spores, live (VOWST, Seres Therapeutics; hereafter "VOS," formerly SER-109), an oral microbiota therapeutic, significantly reduced the risk of rCDI at week 8. We evaluated the efficacy of VOS compared with placebo in patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for rCDI.

Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Background: The use of cerebral oximetry monitoring in the care of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, evidence that its use improves clinical outcomes is lacking.

Methods: In this randomized, phase 3 trial conducted at 70 sites in 17 countries, we assigned extremely preterm infants (gestational age, <28 weeks), within 6 hours after birth, to receive treatment guided by cerebral oximetry monitoring for the first 72 hours after birth or to receive usual care.

Safety and Tolerability of SER-109 as an Investigational Microbiome Therapeutic in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial.

Importance: A safe and effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is urgently needed. Antibiotics kill toxin-producing bacteria but do not repair the disrupted microbiome, which promotes spore germination and infection recurrence.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and rate of CDI recurrence after administration of investigational microbiome therapeutic SER-109 through 24 weeks.

Effect of video camera monitoring feedback on hand hygiene compliance in neonatal intensive care unit, an interventional study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of a video camera surveillance system for hand hygiene (HH) monitoring, video-based education, and feedback could improve the HH compliance in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods And Materials: This was an interventional before-after trial conducted in a level-III NICU between July 2019 and June 2020. HH compliance was measured using randomly selected video-camera footage in the baseline, intervention, and maintenance periods.

The outcome of two SMA cases treated with nusinersen at seven hours and at three days of life: the earliest ever.

New molecular therapies are available for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) but early intervention is required. We report two cases that were diagnosed prenatally, where treatment with nusinersen was initiated within 7 h and three days respectively. The children were followed up for 13 months and almost six years respectively.

Intestinal perforation after intravitreal low dose ranibizumab injection for the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: A case report.

Purpose: To report a newborn patient with gastrointestinal (GIS) perforation after intravitreal ranibizumab (RBZ) treatment.

Case Report: The patient was born at 31 gestational week and hospitalized with the diagnosis of small for gestational age and prematurity. In the follow up he underwent GIS surgery due to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and was diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

COVID-19 disease characteristics in different pediatric age groups.

Introduction: Little is known about the COVID-19 disease characteristics and differences between different pediatric age groups. This study aimed to investigate the disease characteristics according to age groups.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of pediatric COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey.

Computed Tomography-guided Percutaneous Drainage of Pneumomediastinum in a Newborn: A Case Report.

Background: Neonatal pneumomediastinum is seen in 2.5 per 1000 live births and is mostly managed conservatively. An intervention is essential in cases with tension pneumomediastinum.

Extremely Preterm Infant Admissions Within the SafeBoosC-III Consortium During the COVID-19 Lockdown.

To evaluate if the number of admitted extremely preterm (EP) infants (born before 28 weeks of gestational age) differed in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the SafeBoosC-III consortium during the global lockdown when compared to the corresponding time period in 2019. This is a retrospective, observational study. Forty-six out of 79 NICUs (58%) from 17 countries participated.

Acute lung injury after exchange transfusion in two newborns with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI) is a condition that develops suddenly within the first six hours after a blood transfusion and it is one of the most important causes of blood transfusion-related mortality. There are few data in the literature about TRALI in the neonatal period. We present two newborn patients who developed TRALI after exchange transfusion due to high bilirubin levels.

A Multicentered Study on Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 37 Neonates With Community-acquired COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects adults and spares children, whereas very little is known about neonates. We tried to define the clinical characteristics, risk factors, laboratory, and imagining results of neonates with community-acquired COVID-19.

Methods: This prospective multicentered cohort study included 24 neonatal intensive care units around Turkey, wherein outpatient neonates with COVID-19 were registered in an online national database.

A multicenter study on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 125 newborns born to women infected with COVID-19 by Turkish Neonatal Society.

Limited data are available on pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of newborns born to women infected with COVID-19. A multicenter cohort study was conducted among newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 in 34 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Turkey.

A rare case of gastric cancer with bilateral breast metastasis during pregnancy.

Background: Gastric cancer is rare during pregnancy and often diagnosed at a later stage due to overlapping symptoms of pregnancy. Breast metastasis of gastric cancer is another uncommon entity. We present a rare case of breast metastasis of gastric cancer during pregnancy.

Clinical and laboratory awareness for an under recognized pathogen in newborn meningitis: Mycoplasma Hominis: a case report.

Background: Mycoplasma hominis is a well-known bacterium colonizing the genito-urinary tract. It may cause pneumonia, bacteremia, abscesses, chronic lung disease, and rarely meningitis during the newborn period.

Case: A preterm infant with a birth weight of 885 grams was born at 27 weeks of gestation and had respiratory distress syndrome needing mechanical ventilation.