Psychiatric hospitalizations in a cohort of Danish polio patients.

Although previous polio infection remains a considerable cause of long-term morbidity worldwide, few studies have examined the psychiatric consequences of poliomyelitis. The authors followed 4,660 polio patients hospitalized at the primary infectious disease hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1922 and 1954 as well as 19,017 age- and gender-matched Danes for psychiatric hospitalizations from January 1, 1977, to December 31, 1993. Incidence rates of all psychiatric disorders combined and of separate diagnostic groups of psychiatric diseases in the two cohorts were compared, yielding the incidence rate ratio, a measure of relative risk.

Unchanged acetylation of isoniazid by alcohol intake.

Setting: In 10 healthy subjects, the influence of acute alcohol intake on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH) was studied.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that alcohol increases the conversion of INH by acetylation into its metabolite acetylisoniazid.

Design: In a crossover design, an oral dose of 300 mg INH was administered on 2 separate days, 14 days apart, with or without alcohol to a serum alcohol of about 21 mmol/l (1 g/l) maintained for 12 h.

Life-long morbidity among Danes with poliomyelitis.

Objective: To estimate long-term morbidity in a cohort of Danish poliomyelitis patients.

Design: A historical prospective cohort study of 27,047 persons.

Setting: Denmark.

Long-term mortality after poliomyelitis.

Background: Few studies have described mortality and cause of death among persons with a history of polio.

Methods: We identified a group of patients diagnosed with poliomyelitis in Copenhagen between 1919 and 1954. We obtained information on vital status through May 1997 and on cause of death by linkage with the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Cause-of-Death Register.

Cancer risk in a cohort of polio patients.

Poliomyelitis has hypothetically been associated with an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The present study was performed to examine not only the risk of CNS tumors but also the overall risk of cancer among a cohort of 5,883 polio patients. Patients diagnosed with acute poliomyelitis in the Danish capital, Copenhagen, between 1919 and 1954 were identified and followed with respect to cancer.

Multiple sclerosis and poliomyelitis. A Danish historical cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate whether persons with a history of poliomyelitis are at an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: All patients diagnosed with acute poliomyelitis in the greater capital area of Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1919 and 1954 were identified and followed with respect to MS. Information on vital status and diagnosis of sclerosis was obtained through linkage with the Danish Civil Registration System and The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, respectively.

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Denmark.

Denmark is an area of low incidence of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). The number of newly reported cases of HIV has been stable during the 1990s, whereas the number of TB cases has doubled in Denmark in the past decade, mainly due to immigration. However, among native Danes the incidence of TB has increased in the younger age groups, indicating more newly infected persons.

Typing of clinical Mycobacterium avium complex strains cultured during a 2-year period in Denmark by using IS1245.

In the present study restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses with the recently described insertion sequence IS1245 as a probe was performed with clinical Mycobacterium avium complex strains cultured in Denmark during a 2-year period. The overall aim of the study was to disclose potential routes of transmission of these microorganisms. As a first step, the genetic diversity among isolates from AIDS patients and non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients was described.

Radiographic spectrum of adult pulmonary tuberculosis in a developed country.

Setting: Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Medicine P. The referral centre of adult tuberculosis in the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Objective: To evaluate the radiographic spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults in a low-prevalence country and to correlate radiographic appearances with bacteriological results, clinical and demographic data.

Tuberculosis in a cohort of Vietnamese refugees after arrival in Denmark 1979-1982.

Setting: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Objective: To study the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in a cohort of immigrants from a high incidence country during the years following arrival in a low incidence country.

Design: Follow-up analysis in a cohort of 1983 Vietnamese refugees who arrived in Denmark during the period 1979-1982.

Liver injury during antituberculosis treatment: an 11-year study.

Setting: Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, tuberculosis referral center for the Municipality of Copenhagen.

Objective: To evaluate routine procedure for the management of liver injury during antituberculosis treatment.

Design: From 1983-1993, 765 patients for whom we could trace 752 files (98%) were treated at our ward with standard Danish treatment for tuberculosis.

Firefly luciferase assay of adenosine triphosphate as a tool of quantitation of the viability of BCG vaccines.

The purpose of the present study was to compare conventional colony forming unit (CFU) enumeration with a bioluminescent measurement in order to quantitate living bacteria in BCG vaccine. Forty batches of BCG vaccine quantitated with respect to weight (10 each of concentration 120 mg/vial, 30 mg/vial, 1.5 mg/vial and 0.

Hepatotoxicity caused by the combined action of isoniazid and rifampicin.

A 35 year old black Somalian woman with miliary tuberculosis developed hepatotoxicity after a few days of treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. After withdrawal of all drugs the liver profile returned to normal and remained so after challenge with isoniazid. Hepatotoxicity recurred when rifampicin was added, but it was well tolerated when reintroduced without isoniazid.

Serovars of Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients in Denmark.

Danish isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex were serotyped by the use of seroagglutination. The most prevalent serovars among patients with AIDS (n = 89) were 4 and 6, while among non-AIDS patients the most prevalent serovars were 1, 6, and 4, with no major differences between those in patients with pulmonary disease (n = 65) and those in patients with lymph node infection (n = 58). The results suggest a Scandinavian distribution of serovars with a predominance of serovar 6 and fail to demonstrate any selective protection against different serovars by Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination.

Identification of immunodominant antigens during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

T lymphocytes isolated from mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis response vigorously to proteins secreted by the bacilli and these antigens may be of importance in the generation of protective immunity against the disease. In this study, short-term culture filtrate (ST-CF), which constitutes a complex mixture of secreted proteins, was fractionated by a modified preparative SDS-PAGE technique. The ability of each fraction to be recognized by T cells isolated from infected mice was evaluated by quantifying proliferation and IFN-gamma production in cell cultures.

Susceptibility of strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex to fusidic acid.

The activity of fusidic acid was studied in 40 strains of M. tuberculosis (of which 20 strains were mono- or multiresistant to standard antituberculosis drugs) and 10 strains of M. bovis.

Detection of mycobacteria from blood and bone marrow: a decade of experience.

This study reports our experience with methods used at our department from 1981 through 1990 for detection of mycobacteria in blood and bone marrow specimens. Direct inoculation on Lowenstein Jensen media was replaced by Isolator lysis-centrifugation followed by inoculation on conventional solid media, and the Bactec 12B and Bactec 13A systems. A total of 3033 specimens were analyzed.

Proteins released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth.

Proteins secreted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth are believed to be important for protective immunity against tuberculosis. We have investigated the growth of M. tuberculosis in an enriched liquid medium.

T-cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

An infection model of human tuberculosis was established with C57BL/6J mice. The lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were investigated during the course of infection and compared with results obtained with a group of mice immunized with large amounts of killed bacteria. The two groups responded similarly to a number of mycobacterial antigens, but marked differences in responses against secreted antigens were found; only infected mice responded vigorously to these.