Impact of an interdisciplinary nutrition support team (NST) on the clinical outcome of critically ill patients. A pre/post NST intervention study.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at particular risk for malnutrition with major impact for outcome and prognosis. Nutrition support teams (NST) have been proposed to improve nutrition care in ICU patients.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary NST on anthropometry and clinical outcome of ICU patients.

Optimization of Nutrition Therapy with the Use of Calorimetry to Determine and Control Energy Needs in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients: The ONCA Study, a Randomized, Prospective Pilot Study.

Background: Adequate nutrition therapy in critically ill patients poses a challenge because of the variable energy and substrate needs. The objective was to investigate whether nutrition therapy involving indirect calorimetry (IC), instead of equations for assessment of energy needs, could improve the nutrition status of critically ill patients.

Methods: Forty mechanically ventilated patients were randomized into a group in which energy needs were controlled by calorimetry (IC group) and a group treated with a formula-based approach reflecting standard care (SC group).

Impact of protein supplementation after bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled double-blind pilot study.

Objectives: Bariatric patients are at risk of protein deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine possible benefits of postoperative protein supplementation weight reduction, body composition, and protein status.

Methods: Twenty obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were randomized either to the protein (PRO) group, which received a daily protein supplement over 6 months postoperatively, or to the control (CON) group, which received an isocaloric placebo in a double-blind fashion.

Effects of surgical and dietary weight loss therapy for obesity on gut microbiota composition and nutrient absorption.

Evidence suggests a correlation between the gut microbiota composition and weight loss caused by caloric restriction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), a surgical intervention for obesity, is classified as predominantly restrictive procedure. In this study we investigated functional weight loss mechanisms with regard to gut microbial changes and energy harvest induced by LSG and a very low calorie diet in ten obese subjects (n = 5 per group) demonstrating identical weight loss during a follow-up period of six months.

Markers of Bone Metabolism in Obese Individuals Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background: Besides its advantages, bariatric surgery implicates a risk of nutritional deficiencies, which might result in impaired bone metabolism. We assessed the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on blood markers of bone metabolism in obese patients during a 3-year observation period.

Methods: In 39 obese patients (29 women, 10 men, mean BMI 51.