Impact of combinatorial immunotherapies in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers affecting females worldwide. Several new effective therapeutic strategies are being developed to minimize the number of breast cancer-related deaths and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, resistance to conventional therapies in breast cancer patients remains a challenge which could be due to several reasons, including changes in the tumor microenvironment.

Rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Modified MODS assay suitable for resource-poor settings.

Background: Cross contamination and biosafety are concerns with the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. To address these issues, we modified the MODS technique in the current study.

Methodology/principal Findings: Two hundred and seventy-five samples were processed on LJ media and drug susceptibility was performed by the Indirect agar proportion method.

Seroprevalence of disease: A population-based survey from kashmir valley, North India.

Background: Limited studies have been done regarding the prevalence of Rickettsial diseases in India and as far as UT of Jammu and Kashmir is concerned, only a few hospital-based studies are available.

Objectives: The present study was therefore planned to find the seroprevalence of Rickettsial diseases in Kashmir Valley.

Materials And Methods: A multistage sampling procedure was used for the collection of samples from 10 districts of Kashmir Valley and a total of 1740 samples were collected.

Analysis of Inhibition Potential of Nimbin and its Analogs against NF-κB Subunits p50 and p65: A Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study.

Background: Cancer remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- κB) plays an indispensable role in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. The role of NF-κB is not only limited to tumor cell proliferation and suppression of apoptotic genes but it also induces EMT transition responsible for metastasis.

In-vivo anticoccidial efficacy of green synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa Linn leaf extract. (Moraceae) against Emeria tenella infection in broiler chicks.

Coccidiosis is an acute gastrointestinal parasitic disease and causes approximately $2.80 to $3.27 per m loss in a broiler farm of a 33-day-old flock.

Human papillomavirus-mediated expression of complement regulatory proteins in human cervical cancer cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) CD46, CD59, and CD55 in HPV-positive (HPV) & negative (HPV) cervical cancer cell lines in search of a reliable differential biomarker.

Study Design: We analysed the expression of CRPs in HPV 16-positive SiHa cell line, HPV 18-positive HeLa cell line, and HPV-negative cell line C33a using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy.

Results: We observed a differential expression profile of CRPs in HPV and HPV cervical cancer cell lines.

Liquid Biopsies: Emerging role and clinical applications in solid tumours.

Late detection and lack of precision diagnostics are the major challenges in cancer prevention and management. Biomarker discovery in specific cancers, especially at the pre-invasive stage, is vital for early diagnosis, positive treatment response, and good disease prognosis. Traditional diagnostic measures require invasive procedures such as tissue excision using a needle, an endoscope, and/or surgical resection which can be unsafe, expensive, and painful.

A Scoping Review of Digital Twins in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Background: Digital Twins (DTs), virtual copies of physical entities, are a promising tool to help manage and predict outbreaks of Covid-19. By providing a detailed model of each patient, DTs can be used to determine what method of care will be most effective for that individual. The improvement in patient experience and care delivery will help to reduce demand on healthcare services and to improve hospital management.

Life Course Digital Twins-Intelligent Monitoring for Early and Continuous Intervention and Prevention (LifeTIME): Proposal for a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Multimorbidity, which is associated with significant negative outcomes for individuals and health care systems, is increasing in the United Kingdom. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the risk factors (including health, behavior, and environment) for multimorbidity over time. An interdisciplinary approach is essential, as data science, artificial intelligence, and engineering concepts (digital twins) can identify key risk factors throughout the life course, potentially enabling personalized simulation of life-course risk for the development of multimorbidity.

Comparative evaluation of serological tests used for the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases prevalent in the temperate region of North India.

Purpose: The clinical manifestations of rickettsial diseases mimic other endemic infections with similar presentations thus posing a serious challenge to clinicians for their diagnosis. For the diagnosis of rickettsial disease serological tests like Weil Felix, ELISA and IFA are used. There are limited studies that have evaluated different serological tests for the diagnosis of rickettsial diseases.

Exosomes: A Forthcoming Era of Breast Cancer Therapeutics.

Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the treatment outcome particularly as an adjunct to diagnostics by exploring the role of non-invasive liquid biopsies or circulating markers.

Insights into the role of complement regulatory proteins in HPV mediated cervical carcinogenesis.

The persistent infection of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) induced cervical cancer remains a challenge in women worldwide including India. Recent advances in cancer research have paved the way for advanced cancer treatment modalities including immunotherapy by manipulating the function or number of cytotoxic T cells. It is well established that anaphylatoxins like C3a and C5a of complement system influence tumor growth by evading apoptosis leading to progression of cancer.

ADID-UNET-a segmentation model for COVID-19 infection from lung CT scans.

Currently, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the biggest health crises threatening the world. Automatic detection from computed tomography (CT) scans is a classic method to detect lung infection, but it faces problems such as high variations in intensity, indistinct edges near lung infected region and noise due to data acquisition process. Therefore, this article proposes a new COVID-19 pulmonary infection segmentation depth network referred as the Attention Gate-Dense Network- Improved Dilation Convolution-UNET (ADID-UNET).

Cancer immunotherapy: a promising dawn in cancer research.

Cancer is a highly proliferative disease, which is caused due to the loss of regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, DNA damage, faulty repair system etc. The cancer microenvironment plays a pivotal role in disease progression as they contain different types of innate and adaptive immune cells. The most important molecules that establish a correlation between inflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and cancer are the molecules released by inflammatory cells in cancer microenvironment.

Design and evaluation of an alternative wheelchair control system for dexterity disabilities.

This work details the design and development of a novel 3D printed, modular alternative wheelchair control system for powered wheelchair users afflicted with dexterity inhibiting disorders, which mechanically interfaces directly with the installed standard joystick. The proposed joystick manipulator utilises an accelerometer for gesture control input processed by the Arduino microprocessor and a mechanical control interface, which sits over a standard installed two-axis proportional joystick, the preferential control system for most powered chair manufacturers. When fitted, this allows powered electric wheelchair users with limited dexterity, independent to navigate their wheelchair unassisted.

Breast cancer invasion and progression by MMP-9 through Ets-1 transcription factor.

Ets-1 is one of the crucial member of transcription factor family which share a unique DNA binding domain. It is predominantly expressed in various tumor subtypes and has shown its association in the regulation of various important genes which include ECM-degrading proteases. Our study aimed to understand the mechanism(s) in the pathogenesis of breast carcinogenesis by Ets-1 transcription factor and its downstream target gene MMP-9.

Cancer drug resistance: A fleet to conquer.

Cancer is a disease that claims millions of lives each year across the world. Despite advancement in technologies and therapeutics for treating the disease, these modes are often found to turn ineffective during the course of treatment. The resistance against drugs in cancer patients stems from multiple factors, which constitute genetic heterogeneity like gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, exosomes, miRNAs, high rate of drug efflux from cells, and so on.

Differential expression of Ets-1 in breast cancer among North Indian population.

Breast cancer is a highly aggressive disease contributing to high mortality rate among females across the globe owing to wide geographical variations, change in lifestyle along with rapid tumor growth, drug resistance, and high metastasis rate. To understand the molecular and genetic basis of breast cancer progression; we studied the role of E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) transcription factor which is implicated to have a role in carcinogenesis like invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. Our findings revealed an overexpression of Ets-1 gene in 75 breast cancer tumors as compared with their normal adjacent tissues.

Genetic landscape of gallbladder cancer: Global overview.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy of biliary tract cancer (BTC), characterized by late presentation and poor prognosis. It exhibits wide geographical as well as ethnical variations. So, diverse epidemiology along with etiological factors have been discussed in the current article.

Efficacy of Complementary Therapies in the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer overall, ranking as the fifth cause of death from cancer. The chronicity of the disease produces long-term physiological and psychological manifestations, which adversely affect the quality of life of the individual. The primary treatment while managing cancer presents with various debilitating side effects.

Sero-epidemiological survey of human cystic echinococcosis in Kashmir, North India.

Background: Echinococcosis is a human and animal health problem in many endemic areas worldwide. There are numerous reports and hospital-based studies from Kashmir, North India, yet there has been no epidemiological study conducted in Kashmir, the apparently endemic area for human hydatidosis. This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of hydatid infection in Kashmir Valley and to find out association of risk factors for acquisition of this infection.

NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo beta lactamase-1) producing Gram-negative bacilli: emergence & clinical implications.

Unlabelled: BACKGOUND & OBJECTIVES: Resistance to carbapenems in Gram-negative bacteria conferred by NDM-1 is a global health problem. We investigated the occurrence of NDM-1 in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley, India.

Methods: Gram-negative bacilli from different clinical isolates were included in the study.

Three-year experience of prophylactic placement of inferior vena cava filters in women with gynecological cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of prophylactic placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in women undergoing surgery and chemotherapy for gynecological cancer.

Methods And Materials: Thirty-eight IVC filters were placed in 38 women between January 2008 and January 2010; 25 of these were placed in gynecological cancer patients for prevention of PE during surgery and the postoperative period. The patients' electronic medical records, follow-up computed tomography scans, and outpatient follow-up notes were retrospectively reviewed for incidence of PE and adverse events.