Systemic therapy landscape of advanced prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men and 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the backbone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Over the past several decades a number of new therapeutics, such as novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, targeted agents and radionuclide therapies, have been introduced for the treatment of prostate cancers.

Utilization Practices of Inferior Vena Cava Filters at an Academic Medical Center.

Introduction:  Anticoagulation is the mainstay of management for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are indicated in select patients who are not candidates for anticoagulation. There is a lack of quality evidence supporting other indications.

MDA-9/Syntenin in the tumor and microenvironment defines prostate cancer bone metastasis.

Bone metastasis is a frequent and incurable consequence of advanced prostate cancer (PC). An interplay between disseminated tumor cells and heterogeneous bone resident cells in the metastatic niche initiates this process. () is a prometastatic gene expressed in multiple organs, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), under both physiological and pathological conditions.

A -Amplified Renal Cell Carcinoma with Long-Term, Complete Immunotherapy Response: Retrospective Support for the Value of Molecular Classification.

Recent years have seen the recognition and establishment of numerous subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including adoption of an entire category of "molecularly defined renal carcinomas" in the fifth Edition of World Health Organization Classification. To add value, new diagnostic entities should be clinicopathologically distinct, or better, imply specific management and treatment angles, especially if adjunctive testing is needed for diagnosis. One such promising future treatment angle for a molecularly defined subtype, -amplified RCC, is immunotherapy, for which recent scholarship has demonstrated frequent expression of PD-L1.

Paraneoplastic Glomerulonephropathy Associated With Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Descriptive Analysis of Published Reports.

Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathy (PGN) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that is associated with a variety of malignancies. Patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) often develop paraneoplastic syndromes including PGN. To date, objective diagnostic criteria of PGN are not defined.

Randomized Trial of Olaparib With or Without Cediranib for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Results From National Cancer Institute 9984.

Purpose: Cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, suppresses expression of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and increases sensitivity to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in preclinical models. We investigated whether cediranib combined with olaparib improves the clinical outcomes of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: Patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were randomly assigned 1:1 to arm A: cediranib 30 mg once daily plus olaparib 200 mg twice daily or arm B: olaparib 300 mg twice daily alone.

The Role of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy and Targeted Therapy on Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis.

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) is a rare but aggressive form of kidney cancer with a poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in therapies for kidney cancers, an effective management strategy for sRCC is uncertain. We evaluated the impact of targeted therapy and cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) on survival outcomes of patients with metastatic sRCC.

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy for urothelial cancer: a multidisciplinary systematic review and critical analysis.

Introduction: The benefit of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) is not yet supported by randomized controlled trials in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but the evidence is increasing. This narrative systematic review was conducted to evaluate the available evidence on the role of NAST in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC.

Evidence Acquisition: We searched for all relevant articles or conference abstracts published and indexed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on July 19, 2021.

Current Management of Urachal Carcinoma: An Evidence-based Guide for Clinical Practice.

Unlabelled: Urachal carcinoma is a rare urological disease. The shortage of data about diagnosis and surgical treatment in literature makes it hard for clinicians to make a decision. Indeed, urachal carcinoma is an aggressive disease that requires prompt staging and treatment to ensure the best outcome for patients.

Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy for Urologic Cancer Patients in Clinical Trials: A Collaborative Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are transforming the treatment landscape of urologic oncology. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the toxicity spectrum of these novel therapies has yet to be provided.

Objective: To comprehensively investigate the incidence and profile of ICI therapy-related adverse events (AEs) across urologic cancers.

PSA and PSA Kinetics as Predictors for 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Positivity in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT is one of the imaging techniques currently employed to restage prostate cancer (PCa). Due to the conflicting results reported in the literature, it is not yet known at what PSA threshold 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT could reliably demonstrate the presence of recurring disease. We explored the association between 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT positivity and prescan PSA, PSA doubling time, and PSA velocity in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa after curative-intent treatment.

Trimodal therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer management.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the current mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Concerns regarding morbidity, mortality and quality of life have favored the introduction of bladder sparing strategies. Trimodal therapy, combining transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the current standard of care for bladder preservation strategies in selected patients with MIBC.

Universal Mismatch Repair Protein Screening in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Objectives: Universal screening of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) for Lynch syndrome by mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recommended by some investigators. Herein, we assess this recommendation retrospectively by simulating its performance on a retrospective, unselected cohort of UTUCs, with comparison to the established setting of colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We assessed for complete loss of MMR protein (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) IHC in 74 consecutive cases of UTUC and then tabulated clinical and pathologic factors.

New Antiandrogen Compounds Compared to Docetaxel for Metastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from a Network Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Docetaxel represent the standard of care in patients with metastatic, hormone sensitive prostate cancer. However, androgen receptor axis targeted therapies have also been shown to be effective. We aimed to analyze findings in randomized controlled trials investigating first-line treatment for hormone sensitive prostate cancer.

Bone-targeted therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer: where do we stand?

Introduction: In the last years, there have been significant developments in the therapeutic armamentarium of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). New evidence shows that the addition of bone-targeted agents (BTA) to "life-prolonging agents" result in improved clinical benefit. This review aims to give an overview of data for the use of BTAs in a new era of mCRPC where new agents are used in daily practice.

Testicular Swelling as an Initial Presentation of a Patient With Metastatic Gastric Cancer.

While signet-ring cell morphology in the testes might represent metastatic spread from an extragonadal adenocarcinoma, a rare variant of primary testicular neoplasms should be considered in a differential diagnoses as was seen in this rare occurrence of a testicular swelling as an initial presentation for a patient with metastatic gastric cancer.

Economic burden of renal cell carcinoma among older adults in the targeted therapy era.

Objective: This study examined the economic burden of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among older adults. The study also examined healthcare costs by types of resources used and stage at which RCC was diagnosed.

Methods: The study analyzed the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result-Medicare linked data.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Urothelial Cancer: An Update on New Therapies.

Ongoing trials are evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors-used alone, in combination with cytotoxic, targeted, radiation therapies, or with other such inhibitors-for therapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer.

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: Biology and treatment advances.

Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinoma, so called sacromatoid RCC (sRCC), is associated with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Current therapeutic approaches are largely ineffective. Recent studies looking into the genomic and molecular characterization of sRCCs have provided insights into the biology and pathogenesis of this entity.

Efficacy and pharmacogenomic biomarkers in breast cancer.

In patients with breast cancer, a number of biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2, are part of routine work-up and used to guide endocrine, cytotoxic and HER2-targeted treatment. Interaction among these markers may also impact on treatment response and is being investigated. Multigene assays have reached varying levels of validation and clinical use as predictive biomarkers of cytotoxic therapy in specific clinical situations.

Expression of HMP/AN2, a melanoma associated antigen, in murine cerebral gliomas: potential for radioimmunotargeting.

Human melanoma proteoglycan (HMP), a melanoma-associated antigen, is expressed in both human melanomas and gliomas. We used HMP-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) VT68.2 to investigate whether murine GL261 cerebral gliomas express the HMP homologue AN2 and to determine whether AN2 could be targeted for selective delivery of radiation in vivo.

Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT: basic principles, technical aspects, and clinical applications.

Electrocardiographically gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GSPECT) is a state-of-the-art technique for the combined evaluation of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function within a single study. It is currently one of the most commonly performed cardiology procedures in a nuclear medicine department. Automation of the image processing and quantification has made this technique highly reproducible, practical, and user friendly in the clinical setting.