Appraisal of postbiotics in cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a multifactorial disease with an increased mortality rate around the world for the past several decades. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, lower survival rates, drug-associated side effects, and drug resistance create a need for novel anticancer agents. Ample evidence shows that imbalances in the gut microbiota are associated with the formation of cancer and its progression.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Cancer Therapy.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a polyunsaturated dietary fatty acid. Probiotics can biohydrogenate CLA with multiple health benefits, especially in cancer treatment. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have confirmed CLA isomers to possess anti-cancer activity.

Organocatalytic (3+3)-cycloaddition of -substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes: a facile access to enantioenriched 1,2-oxazinanes.

The first asymmetric (3+3)-cycloaddition of -substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes has been demonstrated by secondary amine catalysts. While the other -substituents gave 1,2-oxazinanes, -hydroxy ones provided a novel class of tetrahydrochromeno-1,2-oxazine cores rare 1,3-aryl migration, followed by cyclization. An unusual type of asymmetric approach was also recognized.

Catalytic Atroposelective Aerobic Oxidation Approaches to Axially Chiral Molecules.

A copper and chiral nitroxide co-catalyzed aerobic enantioselective oxidation process has been developed that allows access to axially chiral molecules. Two complementary atroposelective approaches, oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR) and desymmetrization, were studied using ambient air as the stoichiometric terminal oxidant. OKR of --arylpyrrole alcohols and -biaryl alcohols affords the optically pure compounds with up to 3.

Appraisal of the Possible Role of PPAR Upregulation by CLA of Probiotic GS4 in Colon Cancer Mitigation.

The prevalence of colon cancer (CC) is increasing at the endemic scale, which is accompanied by subsequent morbidity and mortality. Although there have been noteworthy achievements in the therapeutic strategies in recent years, the treatment of patients with CC remains a formidable task. The current study focused on to study role of biohydrogenation-derived conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of probiotic GS4 (CLA) against CC, which induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) expression in human CC HCT-116 cells.

2-Nitro-cyclopropyl-1-carbonyl Compounds from Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Nitromethane via Enolonium Species.

2-Nitrocyclopropanes bearing ketones, amides, esters, and carboxylic acids in the 1 position may be accessed as single diastereoisomers in one operation from the corresponding unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The source of the nitro-methylene component is nitromethane. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under mild conditions.

Palladium-catalyzed selective C-C bond cleavage and stereoselective alkenylation between cyclopropanol and 1,3-diyne: one-step synthesis of diverse conjugated enynes.

The stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-enynes from 1,3-diynes is demonstrated by palladium-catalyzed selective C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanol. Exclusive formation of mono-alkenylated adducts was achieved by eliminating the possibility of di-functionalization with high stereoselectivity. Indeed, this protocol worked very well with electronically and sterically diverse substrates.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regioselective C(sp)-H Activation/Annulation of -(7-Azaindole)amides with 1,3-Diynes Using -Amino-7-azaindole as the ,-Bidentate Directing Group.

The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed regioselective annulation of -(7-azaindole)amides with 1,3-diynes has been demonstrated. Bioactive -amino-7-azaindole has been used as a new bidentate directing group to furnish an array of 3-alkynylated isoquinolones. Furthermore, the developed protocol works efficiently for both aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted amides producing a range of pharmacologically useful 7-azaindole-based isoquinolones with a wide range of functionality.

Relieving the stress together: annulation of two different strained rings towards the formation of biologically significant heterocyclic scaffolds.

Small carbo- and heterocycles have become versatile building blocks owing to their intrinsic ring strain and ease of synthesis. However, the traditional approaches of heterocycle synthesis involved the combination of one strained-carbocycle or heterocycle with one unsaturated molecule. On the contrary, there is an exciting possibility of combining two different strained rings to furnish varieties of heterocycles, where one of the strained rings can act as a valuable alternative to the unsaturated molecule.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Annulation of -(7-Azaindole)benzamides with Maleimides: One-Step Access to Highly Functionalized Pyrroloisoquinoline.

A ruthenium(II)-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative annulation of -(7-azaindole)benzamides with maleimides has been demonstrated. Herein, we have explored the use of -amino-7-azaindole as a new bidentate directing group for dehydrogenative [4 + 2] annulation. This method works efficiently, affording a variety of pharmacologically useful 7-azaindole-based isoquinolones and showing a wide functional group tolerance.

Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 mitigated high fat diet induced obesity and produced propionic acid stimulated apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte.

Aims: Probiotics and their metabolites (SCFA) can regulate energy homeostasis. The present study thus evaluates the synergistic effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 on HFD induced obesity and the role of propionic acid (PA) in apoptosis induction of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were used to develop an HFD induced obesity model for 24 weeks.

Cell adherence efficacy of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (MTCC 12683) and demonstrable role of its surface layer protein (Slp).

The current study examined the cell adherence property of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (MTCC12683) with the characterization and functionality in adherence of its surface layer protein (GS4-Slp). The Slp of P. pentosaceus GS4 was extracted purified and detected using SDS-PAGE (98 kDa) and size exclusion chromatography.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Room Temperature C-C Activation of Cyclopropanol for One-Step Access to Diverse 1,6-Diketones.

A rhodium-catalyzed room temperature C-C activation of cyclopropanol has been demonstrated for the single-step synthesis of a range of electronically and sterically distinct 1,6-diketones. This reaction proceeds efficiently in shorter reaction time following a highly atom-economical pathway. To illustrate the synthetic potential of 1,6-diketones, aldol and macrocyclization reactions have been successfully demonstrated.

Assessment of bacterial viability: a comprehensive review on recent advances and challenges.

Assessing bacterial contamination in environmental samples is critical in determining threats to public health. The classical methods are time-consuming and only recognize species that grow easily on culture media. Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are a possible threat that may resuscitate and cause infections.

Purification and characterization of pediocin from probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4, MTCC 12683.

Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (MTCC 12683), a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (LAB), was found to produce bacteriocin in spent culture. Antibacterial and antagonistic potential of this bacteriocin against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25619), and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313) was proven by double-layer and well diffusion methods wherein nisin and ampicillin were used as positive controls. Bacteriocin in supernatant was purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, and circular dichroism (CD).

Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 effectively assimilates cholesterol and produces fatty acids including propionate.

Probiotics are known for their health-promoting abilities through the production of various metabolites, and also benefits are membrane associated. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 has been previously assessed for its probiotic properties and this study further strengthens that claim. Strain AG5 was inoculated with 0.

Antimycobacterial potentials of quercetin and rutin against H37Rv.

Quercetin and rutin, two flavonoids were examined for antimycobacterial activities against H37Rv (ATCC 27294). The quercetin exhibited (99.30 ± 0.

Characterization of Functional, Safety, and Probiotic Properties of Enterococcus faecalis AG5 Isolated From Wistar Rat, Demonstrating Adherence to HCT 116 Cells and Gastrointestinal Survivability.

Gut microbiota remains a prominent source for a diverse range of potential probiotics. In this context, the current study explored the rectal region of experimental Wistar rat for the isolation of potent probiotic. Sixteen lactic acid bacteria (LAB), from rectal swab of Wistar rats, were subjected to evaluation of probiotic properties.

Development & standardization of an in-house IgM indirect ELISA for the detection of parvovirus B19 infections.

Background & Objectives: Parvovirus B19 infections occur worldwide; the infection is acquired early in childhood but could occur later. B19 is reported to cause infection in childhood febrile illnesses, and arthropathies in adults and children and in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) seen in adults. This study was designed to develop an in-house IgM indirect ELISA for serological screening among patients and controls, and to compare ELISA results with those of nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay.

Prediction of Pan-Specific B-Cell Epitopes From Nucleocapsid Protein of Hantaviruses Causing Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome.

Hantaviruses are emerging viral pathogens that causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas, a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans with a case fatality rate of ≥50%. IgM and IgG-based serological detection methods are the most common approaches used for laboratory diagnosis of hantaviruses. Such emerging viral pathogens emphasizes the need for improved rapid diagnostic devices and vaccines incorporating pan-specific epitopes of genotypes.

Prediction of B Cell Epitopes Among Hantavirus Strains Causing Hemorragic Fever With Renal Syndrome.

Hantavirus infections are now recognized to be a global problem. The hantaviruses include several genotypic variants of the virus with different distributions in varying geographical regions. The virus genotypes seem to segregate in association with certain manifestations specific for each syndrome.

Ring Expansion of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane via Substituent Controlled Selective N-Transfer of Oxaziridine: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights.

A distinctive N-substituent controlled electrophilic N-transfer of oxaziridines with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in the presence of MgI is reported. Contrary to earlier reports, the oxaziridine having bulkier N-substituents can also give N-transferred product instead of the O-transferred one. Interestingly, the oxaziridines having α-H containing N-substituents lead to the pyrrolidine derivatives through [3 + 2] cycloaddition.

(E)-9-oxooctadec-10-en-12-ynoic acid from Ixora brachiata Roxb. increases glucose uptake in L6 myotubes by activating the PI3K pathway.

In an attempt to discover new scaffolds for anti-diabetic activity from plants, we screened extracts from Ixora brachiata Roxb. for their effect on glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. The petroleum (PE) extract of the plant showed a significant increase in insulin stimulated glucose uptake by L6 myotubes.

Obesity: An overview of possible role(s) of gut hormones, lipid sensing and gut microbiota.

Obesity is one of the major challenges for public health in 21st century, with 1.9 billion people being considered as overweight and 600 million as obese. There are certain diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and several forms of cancer which were found to be associated with obesity.

NFAT-133 increases glucose uptake in L6 myotubes by activating AMPK pathway.

NFAT-133 is an aromatic compound with cinammyl alcohol moiety, isolated from streptomycetes strain PM0324667. We have earlier reported that NFAT-133 increases insulin stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes using a PPARγ independent mechanism and reduces plasma or blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Here we investigated the effects of NFAT-133 on cellular signaling pathways leading to glucose uptake in L6 myotubes.