Bi- and Monoallelic Variants and Chronic Kidney Disease in West Africans.

Background: Apolipoprotein L1 gene () variants are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Black Americans. Data are sparse on the genetic epidemiology of CKD and the clinical association of variants with CKD in West Africans, a major group in the Black population.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving participants from Ghana and Nigeria who had CKD stages 2 through 5, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, or no kidney disease.

Evaluation of eGFR methods in a sub-Saharan African community-based pediatric population.

Background: Accurate assessment of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) plays a pivotal role in the early detection, management, and optimal medication dosing for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, validation of eGFR, utilizing cystatin C-based equations, is limited in African children and adolescents with CKD. We evaluate the agreement of eGFR equations incorporating both cystatin C and creatinine in this specific population.

Factors Associated with Mortality and Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury in a Resource Limited Setting.

Introduction: Despite being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, acute kidney injury (AKI) is worse in resource-limited areas. This study explores AKI incidence, inhospital mortality, and long-term outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Methods: This was a prospective study of children with AKI from 2014 to 2019.

Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome in Africa: Epidemiology, Treatment Trends, and Outcomes.

Nephrotic syndrome is a common childhood glomerular disease that is associated with massive proteinuria and edema. Children with nephrotic syndrome are at risk of chronic kidney disease, disease-related complications, and treatment-related complications. Patients with frequently relapsing disease or steroid toxicity may require newer immunosuppressive medications.

Childhood and Infant exposure to famine in the Biafran war is associated with hypertension in later life: the Abia NCDS study.

There are very few studies in Africans investigating the association between early life exposure to malnutrition and subsequent hypertension in adulthood. We set out to investigate this potential association within an adult cohort who were born around the time of the Biafran War (1968-1970) and subsequent famine in Nigeria. This was a retrospective analysis of Abia State Non-Communicable Diseases and Cardiovascular Risk Factors (AS-NCD-CRF) Survey, a community-based, cross-sectional study that profiled 386 adults (47.

Paediatric Dialysis at a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria: A 4-Year Report.

Introduction: Dialysis is potentially lifesaving in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), but availability is limited in low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: In the present study, we perform a 4-year study of patients who received peritoneal dialysis (PD) or haemodialysis (HD) at the Paediatric Nephrology Unit of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with sepsis or malaria AKI who underwent HD or PD for predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Efficacy and safety of dual intravenous artesunate plus quinine compared to intravenous artesunate for cerebral malaria in a triple blinded parallel multisite randomized controlled trial in Nigerian children: DUAL PAQ TRIAL Protocol.

Background: Evidence exists as to the criticality of the first 24 h in the management of cerebral malaria. The morbidity and the mortality rate (35%) with the current intravenous monotherapy for the initial treatment of cerebral malaria are unacceptably high. Combination therapy and a shorter course of effective medication have been shown to improve outcomes in human participants in the treatment of other diseases.

Co-existing sickle cell anaemia and inflammatory bowel disease: case report and review of the literature.

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a chronic haemolytic anaemia associated with vaso-occlusive painful crises which may affect several systems including the gastro-intestinal system, resulting in abdominal pain. The concurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and haemoglobinopathy is rare. No previously reported concurrent cases of both SCA and ulcerative colitis (UC) in sub-Saharan Africa were found in the literature.

Early-onset developmental impairments among infants attending the routine immunization clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Developmental disorders are frequently overlooked in the developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Early identification of developmental delays (DDs) is critical to optimal outcomes. This study set out to determine the proportion of children who are at risk of DDs among infants attending immunization clinics at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Treatment outcomes of Nigerian patients with tuberculosis: A retrospective 25-year review in a regional medical center.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge and leading infectious killer worldwide. The need for continuous evaluation of TB treatment outcomes becomes more imperative in the midst of a global economic meltdown substantially impacting resource-limited-settings.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 25-years of treatment outcomes in 3,384 patients who were managed for TB at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Long-term survival of children following acute peritoneal dialysis in a resource-limited setting.

Background: There is a paucity of data on long term-outcomes of children who undergo acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) in resource-limited settings. We reviewed the outcomes of children who underwent PD after 18 months of follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) who underwent PD.

Acute kidney injury among paediatric emergency room admissions in a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria: a cohort study.

Background: Epidemiological data on paediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and largely retrospective. We performed a prospective study of AKI among patients admitted through the emergency room.

Methods: Children admitted to the post-neonatal emergency room of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between February 2016 and January 2017 were studied.

Steroid response in primary childhood nephrotic syndrome in a tropical african environment.

Background: Earlier studies on childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) in tropical Africa showed steroid resistance in the majority. More recent studies show a variable picture, necessitating a re-evaluation. This study was aimed at determining the current pattern of steroid response in childhood NS, in an environment known to be dominated by steroid resistance.

Annual stroke incidence in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease and elevated TCD velocities treated with hydroxyurea.

Background: Elevated transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities accurately predict stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Chronic blood transfusion, the gold standard for primary stroke prevention, is faced with numerous challenges in Africa. Hydroxyurea (HU) has been shown to reduce elevated TCD velocities in children with SCD.

National survey found that managing childhood nephrotic syndrome in Nigeria varied widely and did not comply with the best evidence.

Aim: This study explored any variations in managing childhood nephrotic syndrome between specialist centres in Nigeria and how closely the care reflected the best available evidence.

Methods: In 2016, the heads of Nigerian paediatric nephrology units were asked to complete a study questionnaire that focused on managing nephrotic syndrome.

Results: Of the 31 clinicians we approached, 81% returned the completed questionnaire.

Acquisition, maintenance and adaptation of invasion inhibitory antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligands involved in immune evasion.

Erythrocyte-binding antigens (EBAs) and P. falciparum reticulocyte-binding homologue proteins (PfRhs) are two important protein families that can vary in expression and utilization by P. falciparum to evade inhibitory antibodies.

Kidney disease in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive children: experience from a centre in south-west Nigeria and a review of the Nigerian literature.

Background: Kidney disease is an important extra-hepatic manifestation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is paucity of recent literature on kidney disease in children and adolescents with HBV infection from several parts of sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria.

Objective: To review the pattern of kidney disease in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive children and adolescents seen at a tertiary hospital in south-west Nigeria.

A CASE REPORT OF SUSPECTED ANGIOEDEMA IN A CHILD AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF MEBENDAZOLE, COTRIMOXAZOLE AND LEAF EXTRACTS.

Adverse drug reactions in children are an important public health problem. Children are at a higher risk of developing adverse drug reactions as they seldom express their own drug therapy experiences. Factors that have been implicated include polypharmacy especially with anti-infective and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; also concomitant use of traditional medicines which is prevalent in some cultures.

Haemodialysis for paediatric acute kidney injury in a low resource setting: experience from a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of preventable mortality among children. Management of AKI may require renal replacement therapy (RRT) but access to RRT for children in low resource settings is limited. Our study explored the role of haemodialysis in the management of children with AKI in a low resource setting in terms of aetiology and outcomes.

Trends in the histopathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan Nigeria: preponderance of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Background: Reports on the histopathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) had emanated from our Centre since the 1960s and by the late 1980s and early 1990s, a change was observed and reported. Taking into consideration the worldwide changing trend in the histopathology of the NS and our Unit policy change in the indications for renal biopsy, a change was envisaged. We therefore evaluated the current histologic pattern of childhood NS in Ibadan with the view to highlighting any variations from the past and comparing the findings with regional and global trends.

Renal Doppler Indices in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: Findings from a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

The resistive and pulsatility indices are known tools for assessing renal function in kidney diseases, especially in proteinuric conditions like Paediatric Nephrotic syndrome (NS) which is a glomerular disease. However, there is a limited knowledge in the use of Doppler Resistive and pulsatility indices in the management of this disease condition. This was a case control study involving 53 cases and 57 controls.

Is the art of renal biopsy on the decline in Nigeria?

Background: Renal biopsy remains the means by which definitive parenchymal kidney disease diagnoses are made. With the renal biopsy, the activity, progression and prognosis of renal parenchymal diseases can be studied with objectivity. We investigated the trend of renal histopathology request in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over 31 years.