Observed Face Mask Use at Six Universities - United States, September-November 2020.

Approximately 41% of adults aged 18-24 years in the United States are enrolled in a college or university (1). Wearing a face mask can reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2), and many colleges and universities mandate mask use in public locations and outdoors when within six feet of others. Studies based on self-report have described mask use ranging from 69.

Standard manual capsulorhexis / Ultrasound phacoemulsification compared to femtosecond laser-assisted capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation in clear cornea small incision cataract surgery.

Background: Femtosecond-laser assisted clear cornea cataract surgery may hold promise in safer and more effective procedures. We decided to perform a comparative study to standard manual incision phacoemulsification surgery.

Methods: This is a single-center, single-intervention, and prospective comparative data evaluation of 133 consecutive cases subjected to cataract surgery.

Higher incidence of steroid-induced ocular hypertension in keratoconus.

Background: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following topical dexamethasone administration for 1 month in keratoconic versus normal eyes.

Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center, non-randomized case series evaluation of 350 eyes. Two groups were formed: normal/control Group A (nA =73), eyes that underwent excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy; and keratoconic (KCN) Group B (nB =277), eyes that were subjected to partial laser photorefractive keratectomy combined with collagen cross-linking (The Athens Protocol).

Cross-Linking Biomechanical Effect in Human Corneas by Same Energy, Different UV-A Fluence: An Enzymatic Digestion Comparative Evaluation.

Purpose: To evaluate ex vivo the possible difference in corneal cross-linking (CXL) biomechanical effect of different ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiances.

Methods: The study involved 25 human donor corneas, randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 5 each). CXL was applied with UV-A irradiances of 3, 9, 18, 30, and 45 mW/cm2, maintaining equal cumulative energy dose of 5.

In pursuit of objective dry eye screening clinical techniques.

Dry eye is a multifactorial, progressive, and chronic disease of the tears and ocular surface. The disease is multi-factorial and has intermittent symptoms. Discomfort, visual disturbance, tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface, and increased tear film osmolarity are known associates.

Novel Placido-derived Topography-guided Excimer Corneal Normalization With Cyclorotation Adjustment: Enhanced Athens Protocol for Keratoconus.

Purpose: To comparatively investigate the efficacy of the enhanced Athens Protocol procedure guided by novel Placido-derived topography with cyclorotation compensation (the cyclorotation adjusted group) to similar cases guided by Scheimpflug-derived tomography without cyclorotation compensation (the non-cyclorotation adjusted group).

Methods: Two groups were evaluated: the cyclorotation adjusted group (n = 110 eyes) and the non-cyclorotation adjusted group (n = 110 eyes). Analysis was based on digital processing of Scheimpflug imaging derived curvature difference maps preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Objective Evaluation of Planned Versus Achieved Stromal Thickness Reduction in Myopic Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal stromal thickness reduction and compare to attempted and achieved ablation depth in a consecutive case series study of myopic LASIK.

Methods: Stromal thickness reduction was retrospectively evaluated in 205 consecutive eyes of 205 patients undergoing myopic and myopic astigmatic LASIK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Combined laser in situ keratomileusis and prophylactic high-fluence corneal collagen crosslinking for high myopia: two-year safety and efficacy.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and refractive and keratometric stability of myopic femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with concurrent prophylactic high-fluence corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) compared with the outcomes of standard femtosecond LASIK.

Setting: Private clinical practice, Athens, Greece.

Design: Consecutive randomized prospective comparative study.

Distribution and Repeatability of Corneal Astigmatism Measurements (Magnitude and Axis) Evaluated With Color Light Emitting Diode Reflection Topography.

Purpose: To evaluate and investigate the distribution and repeatability of anterior corneal surface astigmatism measurements (axis and magnitude) using a novel corneal topographer.

Methods: Anterior corneal surface astigmatism was investigated in a total of 195 eyes using a novel multicolored spot reflection topographer (Cassini; i-Optics). Two patient groups were studied, a younger-age group A and an older-age group B.

High-irradiance CXL combined with myopic LASIK: flap and residual stroma biomechanical properties studied ex-vivo.

Background/aims: To evaluate ex vivo biomechanical and enzymatic digestion resistance differences between standard myopic laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) compared with LASIK+CXL, in which high-irradiance cross-linking (CXL) is added.

Methods: Eight human donor corneas were subjected to femtosecond-assisted myopic LASIK. Group A (n=4) served as a control group (no CXL).

LASIK ablation centration: an objective digitized assessment and comparison between two generations of an excimer laser.

Purpose: To objectively define the effective centration of myopic femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK ablation pattern, evaluate the difference between achieved versus planned excimer laser ablation centration, and compare these results from two different generations of an excimer laser system.

Methods: The study retrospectively evaluated 280 eyes subjected to myopic LASIK. Digital image analysis was performed on Scheimpflug sagittal curvature maps (difference of preoperative to postoperative).

Color light-emitting diode reflection topography: validation of keratometric repeatability in a large sample of wide cylindrical-range corneas.

Purpose: To investigate repeatability of steep and flat keratometry measurements, as well as astigmatism axis in cohorts with normal range and regular astigmatic such as: eyes following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and normal population, as well as cohorts of high and irregular astigmatism such as keratoconic eyes, and keratoconic eyes following corneal collagen cross-linking, employing a novel corneal reflection topography device.

Methods: Steep and flat keratometry and astigmatism axis measurement repeatability was investigated employing a novel multicolored-spot reflection topographer (Cassini) in four study groups, namely a post myopic LASIK-treated Group A, a keratoconus Group B, a post-CXL keratoconus Group C, and a control Group D of routine healthy patients. Three separate, maps were obtained employing the Cassini, enabling investigation of the intra-individual repeatability by standard deviation.

Digital pupillometry and centroid shift changes after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare postoperative changes in apparent photopic and mesopic pupil size and centration in relation to cornea reflection landmarks after cataract surgery.

Setting: LaserVision.gr Clinical and Research Eye Institute, Athens, Greece.

Corneal collagen cross-linking combined with simulation of femtosecond laser-assisted refractive lens extraction: an ex vivo biomechanical effect evaluation.

Purpose: To evaluate biomechanical changes induced by in situ corneal cross-linking (CXL) with stromal pocket delivered enhanced concentration riboflavin and high-fluence, high-energy UV-A irradiation.

Methods: Eight human donor corneas were subjected to intrastromal lamellar corneal tissue removal of anterior 140-μm deep, 80-μm thick × 5-mm diameter central stromal buttons, extracted through a 3.5-mm width tunnel, surfacing in the superior cornea periphery.

Hyperopic correction: clinical validation with epithelium-on and epithelium-off protocols, using variable fluence and topographically customized collagen corneal crosslinking.

Purpose: To report novel application of topographically-customized collagen crosslinking aiming to achieve hyperopic refractive changes. Two approaches were evaluated, one based on epithelium-off and one based on epithelium-on (transepithelial).

Methods: A peripheral annular-shaped topographically customizable design was employed for high-fluence ultraviolet (UV)-A irradiation aiming to achieve hyperopic refractive changes.

Comparison of prophylactic higher fluence corneal cross-linking to control, in myopic LASIK, one year results.

Purpose: To compare 1-year results: safety, efficacy, refractive and keratometric stability, of femtosecond myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with and without concurrent prophylactic high-fluence cross-linking (CXL) (LASIK-CXL).

Methods: We studied a total of 155 consecutive eyes planned for LASIK myopic correction. Group A represented 73 eyes that were treated additionally with concurrent prophylactic high-fluence CXL; group B included 82 eyes subjected to the stand-alone LASIK procedure.

OCT corneal epithelial topographic asymmetry as a sensitive diagnostic tool for early and advancing keratoconus.

Purpose: To investigate epithelial thickness-distribution characteristics in a large group of keratoconic patients and their correlation to normal eyes employing anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Materials And Methods: The study group (n=160 eyes) consisted of clinically diagnosed keratoconus eyes; the control group (n=160) consisted of nonkeratoconic eyes. Three separate, three-dimensional epithelial thickness maps were obtained employing AS-OCT, enabling investigation of the pupil center, average, mid-peripheral, superior, inferior, maximum, minimum, and topographic epithelial thickness variability.

Clear-cornea cataract surgery: pupil size and shape changes, along with anterior chamber volume and depth changes. A Scheimpflug imaging study.

Purpose: To investigate, by high-precision digital analysis of data provided by Scheimpflug imaging, changes in pupil size and shape and anterior chamber (AC) parameters following cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: The study group (86 eyes, patient age 70.58±10.

Optical coherence tomography-derived corneal thickness asymmetry indices: clinical reference study of normal eyes.

Purpose: To determine 3-dimensional corneal pachymetry distribution characteristics in a large pool of healthy normal patients.

Setting: Private practice, Athens, Greece.

Design: Prospective case series.

Epithelial remodeling after partial topography-guided normalization and high-fluence short-duration crosslinking (Athens protocol): results up to 1 year.

Purpose: To compare epithelial remodeling in keratoconic eyes that had photorefractive keratectomy and corneal collagen crosslinking (Athens protocol) with that in untreated keratoconic eyes and healthy eyes.

Setting: Private clinical practice, Athens, Greece.

Design: Comparative case series.