Single-Pass vs 2-Pass Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy Sample Collection for Creation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Organoids.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the poorest prognoses of all malignancies, with a 5-year survival rate <8%. Suspicious lesions are typically diagnosed via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). Fewer needle passes decreases the risk of postprocedure complications, including pancreatitis and hemorrhage, while allowing additional needle passes to be used for adjuvant tissue testing, such as organoid creation and DNA sequencing.

Interventional endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic cancer accounts for approximately 3% of all cancers in US, and is the fourth leading cause of mortality in both men and women. It is a silent killer due to lack of early symptoms and the majority of patients present at advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis. Only 15-20% of patients are candidates for curative resection and even then, the 5-year survival rates range from 10-25%.

The pathophysiology of pancreatitis.

The pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland that is required for normal digestion and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process of the pancreas that involves peripancreatic tissues and remote organs. Mild AP occurs in 80% of patients requiring hospitalization and severe AP occurs in the other 20%.