Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) disease prevalence and mortality in Litopenaeus vannamei: a comparative study from Eastern India shrimp farms.

Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite first named and characterized from the Penaeus monodon (black or giant tiger shrimp), causes growth retardation and poses a significant threat to shrimp farming. We observed shrimp farms associated with disease conditions during our fish disease surveillance and health management program in West Bengal, India. Shrimp exhibited growth retardation and increased size variability, particularly in advanced stages, exhibiting soft shells, lethargy, reduced feeding and empty midguts.

Whole-genome sequencing of novel pathogenic and multidrug-resistant , causing mortality in fish species ().

We present a novel pathogenic and multidrug-resistant isolated from . The bacterium belongs to the Micrococcales order and has a genome consisting of 2.59 Mb in length and 71.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Proteus vulgaris infection in cage reared Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: Molecular characterization and host-pathogen response.

The study investigates the causative agent responsible for massive mortality in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus cage farms. The infected pangasius were lethargic, not taking feed, and had exophthalmia, deep ulceration, and hemorrhage on the ventral body surface. Pathogens were isolated from infected pangasius tissue samples, and the strain was preliminarily identified as Proteus vulgaris based on morphology, biochemical tests, 16S rRNA PCR sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.

Deciphering the impact of endoparasitic infection on immune response and gut microbial composition of .

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by helminths are globally distributed and are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Parasites may modulate the virulence, gut microbiota diversity and host responses during infection. Despite numerous works, little is known about the complex interaction between parasites and the gut microbiota.

Forecast of agri-residues generation from rice, wheat and oilseed crops in India using machine learning techniques: Exploring strategies for sustainable smart management.

Management of agri-residues generated in large quantities necessitates for its accurate estimation. Data analysis using machine learning methods can predict the agri-residues generation. The objective of the study was to forecast agri-residues generation from rice, wheat, and oilseed crops in India using ML methods and their sustainable uses.

Agri-residues and agro-industrial waste substrates bioconversion by fungal cultures to biocatalyst lipase for green chemistry: A review.

Huge amounts of agri-residues generated from food crops and processing are discarded in landfills, causing environmental problems. There is an urgent need to manage them with a green technological approach. Agri-residues are rich in nutrients such as proteins, lipids, sugars, minerals etc.

Photofermentative biohydrogen generation from organic acids by Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001: Computational fluid dynamics modeling of hydrodynamics and temperature.

Hydrogen gas is a clean-burning fuel suitable for powering public vehicles. Hydrogen fuel has the highest energy density (143 MJ kg ). This research paper emphasizes three-dimensional hydrodynamics and temperature distribution during photobiohydrogen generation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain O.

Improvement in Production of Rhamnolipids Using Fried Oil with Hydrophilic Co-substrate by Indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa NJ2 and Characterizations.

Commercialization of biosurfactant remained a challenge due to lack of structural variation and economical process using low-cost materials and low productivity. Improvement in production of biosurfactant using fried oil with hydrophilic co-substrate by an indigenous strain was studied. Microbe isolated from exhaust chimney condensate was screened for utilization of mixed carbon source and then identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa NJ2 by 16S rDNA gene sequence.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of (Cyprinidae) and its comparison with other related Cypriniformes fish species.

The complete mitogenome of is described using Ion Torrent (PGM sequencer), which was 16,609 bp in size comprising 13 mRNAs, teo rRNA genes, 22 tRNAs, and 926 bp as D-Loop control region, in addition to gene order and organization, being similar to most of the other related Cypriniformes fish mitogenome of NCBI databases. The all 22 tRNAs were packed into a typical clover-leaf structure. In the present study, the mitogenome has 99% similarity to the complete mitogenome sequence of mitogenome details previously and also would be helpful in understanding the phylogenetics, population genetics, and evolution of family Cyprinidae fishes.

Production of laccase by repeated batch semi-solid fermentation using wheat straw as substrate and support for fungal growth.

Repeated batch semi-solid fermentation (sSF) process using wheat straw substrate and fungal growth of Ganoderma lucidum on solid substrate was studied for production of laccase. pH showed significant effect on laccase production. Highest laccase activity with pH controlled to 5.

Effects of wheat straw solid contents in fermentation media on utilization of soluble/insoluble nutrient, fungal growth and laccase production.

The objective of the work was to study the effect of agri-residue solid contents (2-20% w v) in fermentation medium on fungal growth, soluble and insoluble nutrient consumption and laccase production. Fungal strain and wheat straw substrate was screened for maximum laccase production. At low solid content submerged fermentation (SmF), fungus utilized mainly soluble nutrient and was unable to access the insoluble nutrient in media due to lack of contact with solid.

Fungal pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse with supplements: improvement in lignin degradation, selectivity and enzymatic saccharification.

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) from food processing and agricultural industry has attracted the attention for uses in production of biofuel, enzymes and other products. The alteration in lignocellulolytic enzymes by use of supplements in fungal pretreatment of SSB to achieve higher lignin degradation, selectivity value and enzymatic hydrolysis to fermentable sugar was studied. Fungal strain Coriolus versicolor was selected for pretreatment due to high ligninolytic and low cellulolytic enzyme production resulting in high lignin degradation and selectivity value.

Enhancement in multiple lignolytic enzymes production for optimized lignin degradation and selectivity in fungal pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse.

The objective of this work was to study the increase in multiple lignolytic enzyme productions through the use of supplements in combination in pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) by Coriolus versicolor such that enzymes act synergistically to maximize the lignin degradation and selectivity. Enzyme activities were enhanced by metallic salts and phenolic compound supplements in SSF. Supplement of syringic acid increased the activities of LiP, AAO and laccase; gallic acid increased MnP; CuSO increased laccase and PPO to improve the lignin degradations and selectivity individually, higher than control.

Improvement of selective lignin degradation in fungal pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse using synergistic CuSO-syringic acid supplements.

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) generated in large quantities could be hydrolyzed to sugar and then fermented to green fuels. The hydrolysis of SSB polysaccharides interlocked in recalcitrant lignin network is the major problem. Pretreatment of SSB in SSF by using Coriolus versicolor with CuSO-syringic acid supplements for effects on production of ligninocellulolytic enzymes, lignin degradation and selectivity values (SV) were studied.

Fungal Pretreatment of Sweet Sorghum Bagasse with Combined CuSO-Gallic Acid Supplement for Improvement in Lignin Degradation, Selectivity, and Enzymatic Saccharification.

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum sp.) has high biomass yield. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) to fermentable sugar could be useful for manufacture of biofuel or other fermentation products.

Cotton Stalk Pretreatment Using Daedalea flavida, Phlebia radiata, and Flavodon flavus: Lignin Degradation, Cellulose Recovery, and Enzymatic Saccharification.

Lignocellulolytic enzyme activities of selective fungi Daedalea flavida MTCC 145 (DF-2), Phlebia radiata MTCC 2791 (PR), and non-selective fungus Flavodon flavus MTCC 168 (FF) were studied for pretreatment of cotton stalks. Simultaneous productions of high LiP and laccase activities by DF-2 during early phase of growth were effective for lignin degradation 27.83 ± 1.

Effect of cross linking of PVA/starch and reinforcement of modified barley husk on the properties of composite films.

Barley husk (BH) was graft copolymerized by palmitic acid. The crystalline behavior of BH decreased after grafting. Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch (St) blend film, urea formaldehyde cross linked PVA/St films and composite films containing natural BH, grafted BH were prepared separately.

Effect of particle size, moisture content, and supplements on selective pretreatment of cotton stalks by Daedalea flavida and enzymatic saccharification.

A large amount of cotton stalk waste biomass with high cellulose content are incinerated by the farmers causing air pollution. The high cellulose content of cotton stalks can be converted to fermentable sugars by fungal delignification pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and enzymatic saccharification. The effect of particle size, moisture content, and media supplements was studied for delignification of cotton stalks by Daedalea flavida MTCC 145 (DF-2) in solid-state fermentation.

Chitosan-assisted immobilization of serratiopeptidase on magnetic nanoparticles, characterization and its target delivery.

Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) gained attentions as universal carrier for drug delivery and for enzyme immobilization.

Purpose: Target delivery of serratiopeptidase for treatment using this enzyme and applications in drug delivery.

Method: Serratiopeptidase was immobilized on chitosan amino-functionalized MNPs by covalent bonding through glutaraldehyde.

Preparation, characterization and targeted delivery of serratiopeptidase immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles.

Targeted delivery of serratiopeptidase enzyme immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Fe3O4 has been reported for the treatment using this enzyme. The enzyme was immobilized by covalent bonding through glutaraldehyde after amino functionalization of MNPs and parameters was studied. The enzyme bound MNPs (EMNPs) were characterized for size, crystallographic identity, phase purity, zeta potential and magnetic properties along with elemental and thermal analysis.

Immobilization of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase onto ion-exchange resin beads and hydrolysis of natural starch at high concentration.

α-Amylase was immobilized on Dowex MAC-3 with 88 % yield and amyloglucosidase on Amberlite IRA-400 ion-exchange resin beads with 54 % yield by adsorption process. Immobilized enzymes were characterized to measure the kinetic parameters and optimal operational parameters. Optimum substrate concentration and temperature were higher for immobilized enzymes.

Ditosylate salt of itraconazole and dissolution enhancement using cyclodextrins.

Salt formation has been a promising approach for improving the solubility of poorly soluble acidic and basic drugs. The aim of the present study was to prepare the salt form of itraconazole (ITZ), a hydrophobic drug to improve the solubility and hence dissolution performance. Itraconazolium ditolenesulfonate salt (ITZDITOS) was synthesized from ITZ using acid addition reaction with p-toluenesulfonic acid.