Transmastoid exposure of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve: an anatomical study.

Introduction: Compression of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve by edema has been considered as an important pathology in the majority of the cases of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. Hence, it is suggested that total decompression of the facial nerve should also include the labyrinthine segment by a middle fossa approach. However, the middle fossa approach requires craniotomy and temporal lobe retraction, which increases the morbidity.

Jak-Stat signaling pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.

Purpose: Jak-Stat signaling pathway is one of the major signal transduction cascades which regulates most of the cellular events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell migration and apoptosis. This study aims to determine the activity of Jak-Stat signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.

Materials And Methods: Cholesteatoma and skin samples were obtained from 10 patients who underwent tympanomastoidectomy for chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.

Chronic inflammation: a poor prognostic factor for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) success can be affected by many factors. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of chronic inflammation on the surgical outcome of En-DCR. A series of 25 primary En-DCR cases and their lacrimal sac specimens were involved in the study.

Surgical anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct on the lateral nasal wall as revealed by serial dissections.

The anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) in relation with the lateral nasal wall was studied in 15 half-heads of human adult cadavers by serial photographs of the dissection of the lateral nasal wall. The aim of the study was to determine the intranasal anatomical relationships of the NLD with the lateral nasal wall for surgical reference during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Following removal of the nasal mucosa anterior to the uncinate process, the exposed bone was removed by drilling.

Neural control of eustachian tube function.

Objectives/hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that middle ear pressure can be controlled by the Eustachian tube through a neuronal reflex arc in animal models. We aimed to define the role of the neuronal control mechanisms in regulating middle ear pressure in humans.

Study Design: Prospective study.

The role of phonophoresis in dyshpagia due to cervical osteophytes.

Objective: Treatment of patients with anterior cervical osteophytes causing dysphagia includes conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, antibiotics, and an appropriate soft diet. Physical therapy with its advantages may be an alternative method in the treatment, which was not reported previously.

Case Description: Phonophoresis therapy is applied in nine patients with dysphagia due to cervical osteophytes.

Elongated styloid process and cervical spondylosis.

Background: Dysphagia, is a significant sign of many different lesions in upper digestive system especially in proximal esophagus. Tumors, gastroesophageal reflux, achalasia and extrinsic compressions are the most common causes that may lead to dysphagia in geriatric population. Cervical osteophyte induced dysphagia, is one of the uncommon reasons of dysphagia, therefore other causes of dysphagia must be excluded to establish the exact diagnosis.

Identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus.

The aim of the study was to define a simple system for the identification of unknown bodies by using CT images of frontal sinus and to discuss whether it was worth to add measurements to the system or not. The system was including simple features as F (presence or absence of frontal sinus), S (intersinus and intrasinus septum) and S (scalloping), and named as FSS system. Measurements selected for the study were width, height, anteroposterior length, total width of two sinuses, the distance between the highest points of the two sinuses and the distance of each sinus to its maximum lateral limit.

Effect of thermal energy produced by drilling on the facial nerve: histopathologic evaluation in guinea pigs.

The effect of thermal energy due to drilling around the facial nerve canal on the facial nerve was histopathologically evaluated in four guinea pigs. The bony canal of the facial nerve was drilled using a 3 mm diamond burr for one minute. The temperature changes on the facial nerve canal were noted before and after dissection.

Considerations of isolated destruction of the short process of the incus in a case of cholesteatoma.

Cholesteatoma occurs frequently with the destruction of the ossicles. The most commonly eroded ossicle has been reported to be the incus. Many studies report destruction of the long process and body of the incus.

Anatomic limitations of posterior exposure of the sinus tympani.

Objective: The sinus tympani is a challenging area for the otologic surgeon to access and from which to remove the disease process. Recently, a posterior approach to the sinus tympani through the mastoid was proposed as an alternative technique in cases of deep sinus tympani.

Study Design And Setting: The posterior approach was performed by dissecting the triangular bony area formed by the facial nerve, lateral semicircular canal, and posterior semicircular canal in 8 temporal bone specimens.

Hearing loss does not occur in young patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Background And Objectives: Although uncommon, hearing loss after spinal anesthesia has been described. Vestibulocochlear dysfunction after spinal anesthesia in which 22-gauge and 25-gauge Quincke needles were used was investigated to determine if needle size affected hearing.

Methods: Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 20 to 40 years, who were undergoing lower extremity surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups.

Serologic examinations of hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, and rubella in patients with Bell's palsy.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective case review was to investigate serologic evidence of cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, and hepatitis A, B, and C viruses in patients with Bell's palsy.

Design: A total of 24 patients with idiopathic facial paralysis, without a history of trauma, any evidence of a tumor on high-resolution computed tomographic imaging, or any otologic disease, and 33 healthy individuals as a control group were included in this study. Facial paralysis of the patient was evaluated with the House-Brackmann grading scale.

Comparison of surgical outcomes in primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without silicone intubation.

The surgical outcome of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was analyzed in 30 cases of postsaccal stenosis. Intubation with silicone tubing was used in 14 cases (46.7%) and not used in 16 cases (53.

The intracranial complication of acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis.

Acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare, potentially destructive entity, which has indistinct clinical findings and non-specific symptoms. Hence, it can be easily be misdiagnosed. We present and discuss a case of an isolated sphenoiditis with intracranial complication.