Biotinylated platinum(IV)-conjugated graphene oxide nanoparticles for targeted chemo-photothermal combination therapy in breast cancer.

Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-based nanocomposites are promising in drug delivery and photothermal therapy due to their exceptional near-infrared optical absorption and high specific surface area. In this study, we have effectively conjugated an oxaliplatin (IV) prodrug, PEGylated graphene oxide, and PEGylated biotin (PB) in a single platform for breast cancer treatment. This platform demonstrates promising prospects for targeted drug delivery and the synergistic application of photothermal-chemotherapy when exposed to NIR-laser irradiation.

Glycol Chitosan-Poly(lactic acid) Conjugate Nanoparticles Encapsulating Ciprofloxacin: A Mucoadhesive, Antiquorum-Sensing, and Biofilm-Disrupting Treatment Modality for Bacterial Keratitis.

Bacterial keratitis (BK) causes visual morbidity/blindness if not treated effectively. Here, ciprofloxacin (CIP)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using glycol chitosan (GC) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) conjugate at three different ratios (CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1,5,15)) were fabricated. CIP@GC(PLA) NPs (1:1) were more effective than other tested ratios, indicating the importance of optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for corneal penetration and preventing bacterial invasion.

Polymeric graphene oxide nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin for combined photothermal and chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer.

Combining photothermal and chemotherapy is an emerging strategy for tumor irradiation in a minimally invasive manner, utilizing photothermal transduction agents and anticancer drugs. The present work developed a 2D carbon nanomaterial graphene oxide (GO)-based nanoplatform that converted to 3D colloidal spherical structures upon functionalization with an amphiphilic polymer mPEG-PLA (1, 0.5/1/2) and entrapped doxorubicin (Dox) physically.

Nanotherapeutic Intervention in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer.

The clinical need for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been growing for several decades. Notably, PDT is often used in oncology to treat a variety of tumors since it is a low-risk therapy with excellent selectivity, does not conflict with other therapies, and may be repeated as necessary. The mechanism of action of PDT is the photoactivation of a particular photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor microenvironment in the presence of oxygen.

Hypoxia alleviating platinum(IV)/chlorin e6-based combination chemotherapeutic-photodynamic nanomedicine for oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Hypoxia is an important pathological hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, associated with metabolic alterations, cell proliferation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance in cancers. Hypoxia impedes the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is largely dependent on molecular oxygen to generate cytotoxic O. Here, a near-infrared light activatable, oxygen-generating nanomicellar PDT-chemotherapy system (mPPCPN Ms) constituted of amphiphilic mPEG-PLA, photosensitizer Ce6, and tetravalent platinum prodrug Pt(IV)-diazide was developed for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Current trends in the use of human serum albumin for drug delivery in cancer.

Introduction: Human serum albumin is the most abundant transport protein in plasma, which has recently been extensively utilized to form nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. The primary reason for selecting albumin protein as drug delivery cargo is its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity. Moreover, the albumin structure containing three homologous domains constituted of a single polypeptide (585 amino acid) incorporates various hydrophobic drugs by non-covalent interactions.

Multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer.

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled us to develop sophisticated multifunctional nanoparticles or nanosystems for targeted diagnosis and treatment of several illnesses, including cancers. To effectively treat any solid tumor, the therapy should preferably target just the malignant cells/tissue with minor damage to normal cells/tissues. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have gained considerable interest owing to their two-dimensional planar structure, chemical/mechanical stability, excellent photosensitivity, superb conductivity, high surface area, and good biocompatibility in cancer therapy.

Oxaliplatin delivery via chitosan/vitamin E conjugate micelles for improved efficacy and MDR-reversal in breast cancer.

A bioinspired chitosan/vitamin E conjugate (Ch/VES, 1:4) was synthesized, optimized based on chitosan's molecular weight (15, 300 kDa), and was assembled to entrap oxaliplatin (OXPt). H NMR, infrared spectroscopy, chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, drug release, hemolysis, and stability studies were performed to characterize OXPt@Ch/VES micelles. The therapeutic efficacy of the micelles was tested in vitro in ER+/PR+/HER2- and triple-negative sensitive/resistant breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 via cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays and in vivo using 4T1(Luc)-tumor-bearing mice.

Exosomes Harnessed as Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy - Current Status and Potential for Future Clinical Applications.

Exosomes are nano structured (50-90 nm) vesicles that originate from endosomal compartment of eukaryotic cells and are secreted into extracellular matrix. In recent years, there has been increased interest in exploring exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Like many other diseases, e.