Landfill leachate: An invisible threat to soil quality of temperate Himalayas.

Landfills are the most affordable and popular method for managing waste in many parts of the world, However, in most developing nations, including India, the infiltration of hazardous materials from improperly managed dumping site continues to be a significant environmental problem. Around the world, leachate is a significant point source of contamination in numerous environmental media, including soil, groundwater, and surface water. Soil is an important asset as it is the key factor for food production and has tremendous significance in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Reducing therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Therapeutic inertia describes a failure to establish appropriate treatment targets and escalate treatment to achieve those targets. This inertia can be measured, and evidence of this inertia is present in approximately one-third of diabetes management consultations. This inertia describes a failure in the system to produce change, rather than assigning fault to the physician or patient.

Physicochemical and Anti-fungal Studies of the Pharmaceutical Co-crystal/Salt of Fluconazole.

Crystal engineering is one green alternative to organic synthesis that can be used to manipulate molecular behavior promptly and economically. We report the preparation and characterization of the pharmaceutical organic salt (FLC-C) of fluconazole (FLC) and organosulfonate (NDSA-2H), based on the sulfonate-pyridinium supramolecular synthon. Structural studies validate the crystallization of the two-component stoichiometric crystal with two molecules of water in the triclinic 1̅ space group.

A distribution-free newsvendor model considering environmental impact and shortages with price-dependent stochastic demand.

In today's competitive and volatile market, demand prediction for seasonal items is a challenging task. The variation in demand is so quick that the retailer cannot face the risk of understocking or overstocking. Unsold items need to discarded, which has environmental implications.

The Prognostic Impact of Pulse Pressure in Acute Heart Failure: Insights from the HEARTS Registry.

Background: Low pulse pressure predicts long-term mortality in chronic heart failure, but its prognostic value in acute heart failure is less understood. The present study was designed to examine the prognostic value of pulse pressure in acute heart failure.

Methods: Pulse pressure was tested for its impact on short- and long-term mortality in all patients admitted with acute heart failure from October 2009 to December 2010 in eighteen tertiary centers in Saudi Arabia (n = 2609).

Disruption management in a constrained multi-product imperfect production system.

Over several decades, production and inventory systems have been widely studied in different aspects, but only a few studies have considered the production disruption problem. In production systems, the production may be disrupted by priorly unknown disturbance and the entire manufacturing plan can be distorted. This research introduces a production-disruption model for a multi-product single-stage production-inventory system.

Immature Dentate Granule Cells Require Ntrk2/Trkb for the Formation of Functional Hippocampal Circuitry.

Early in brain development, impaired neuronal signaling during time-sensitive windows triggers the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. GABA, through its depolarizing and excitatory actions, drives early developmental events including neuronal circuit formation and refinement. BDNF/TrkB signaling cooperates with GABA actions.

Nature of Complex Network of Dengue Epidemic as a Scale-Free Network.

Objectives: Dengue epidemic is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that has gained considerable attention due to its injurious effects. The focus of this study is to statically analyze the nature of the dengue epidemic network in terms of whether it follows the features of a scale-free network or a random network.

Methods: A multifarious network of is addressed keeping the viewpoint of a complex system and modelled as a network.

The prognostic impact of hyperglycemia on clinical outcomes of acute heart failure: Insights from the heart function assessment registry trial in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The prognostic impact of hyperglycemia (HG) in acute heart failure (AHF) is controversial. Our aim is to examine the impact of HG on short- and long-term survival in AHF patients.

Methods: Data from the Heart Function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia (HEARTS) for patients who had available random blood sugar (RBS) were analyzed.

Interaction Between the Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 and the Dopamine D Receptor Controls Cocaine's Neurochemical Actions.

Recent evidence suggests that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of dopamine (DA) transmission and cocaine's actions. However, the underlying mechanisms through which TAAR1 activation mediates these effects have not yet been elucidated. Here, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure DA dynamics and explore such mechanisms.

Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes From the HEARTS Registry.

Effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on short- and long-term outcomes in heart failure (HF) is controversial. Accordingly, we examined this relationship in a national multicenter project using data from the Hearts Function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia that studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients admitted with de novo and acute on chronic HF. Out of 2593 patients with HF, 449 (17.

Comparison Of Bipolar And Monopolar Cautry Use In Turp For Treatment Of Enlarged Prostate.

Background: In recent years, bipolar Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been increasingly being used by urologist instead of conventional monopolar TURP for the treatment of enlarge prostate. Bipolar TURP is considered to be more efficacious and has better clinical outcome in comparison with monopolar TURP. We compared both procedures to assess their clinical out-comes and efficacy by comparing their different parameters.

Relapse to cocaine seeking in an invertebrate.

Addiction is characterised by cycles of compulsive drug taking, periods of abstinence and episodes of relapse. The extinction/reinstatement paradigm has been extensively used in rodents to model human relapse and explore underlying mechanisms and therapeutics. However, relapse to drug seeking behaviour has not been previously demonstrated in invertebrates.

Altered cortico-striatal crosstalk underlies object recognition memory deficits in the sub-chronic phencyclidine model of schizophrenia.

The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Sub-chronic treatment with the NMDA antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) produces cognitive abnormalities in rodents that reliably model aspects of the neurocognitive alterations observed in schizophrenia. Given that network activity across regions encompassing medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a significant role in motivational and cognitive tasks, we measured activity across cortico-striatal pathways in PCP-treated rats to characterize neural enabling and encoding of task performance in a novel object recognition task.

Acute heart failure with and without acute coronary syndrome: clinical correlates and prognostic impact (From the HEARTS registry).

Background: Little is know about the outcomes of acute heart failure (AHF) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS-AHF), compared to those without ACS (NACS-AHF).

Methods: We conducted a prospective registry of AHF patients involving 18 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between October 2009 and December 2010. In this sub-study, we compared the clinical correlates, management and hospital course, as well as short, and long-term outcomes between AHF patients with and without ACS.

A partial trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist exhibits properties consistent with a methamphetamine substitution treatment.

Recent evidence suggests that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of dopamine (DA) transmission and psychostimulant action. Several selective TAAR1 agonists have previously shown efficacy in models of cocaine addiction. However, the effects of TAAR1 activation on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behaviours are less well understood, as indeed are the underlying neurochemical mechanisms mediating potential interactions between TAAR1 and METH.

Trace Amines and the Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1: Pharmacology, Neurochemistry, and Clinical Implications.

Biogenic amines are a collection of endogenous molecules that play pivotal roles as neurotransmitters and hormones. In addition to the "classical" biogenic amines resulting from decarboxylation of aromatic acids, including dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin (5-HT), and histamine, other biogenic amines, present at much lower concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS), and hence referred to as "trace" amines (TAs), are now recognized to play significant neurophysiological and behavioral functions. At the turn of the century, the discovery of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a phylogenetically conserved G protein-coupled receptor that is responsive to both TAs, such as β-phenylethylamine, octopamine, and tyramine, and structurally-related amphetamines, unveiled mechanisms of action for TAs other than interference with aminergic pathways, laying the foundations for deciphering the functional significance of TAs and its mammalian CNS receptor, TAAR1.

Worsening heart failure in 'real-world' clinical practice: predictors and prognostic impact.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features, predictors, and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF), with and without worsening heart failure (WHF).

Methods And Results: We used data from a multicentre prospective registry of AHF patients created in Saudi Arabia. WHF was defined as recurrence of heart failure symptoms or signs-with or without cardiogenic shock.

Sex Differences in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Insights From the Heart Function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia.

We assessed sex-specific differences in clinical features and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The Heart function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia (HEARTS), a prospective registry, enrolled 2609 patients with AHF (34.2% women) between 2009 and 2010.

FREQUENCY AND FACTORS EFFECTING NON CLEARANCE OF LOWER POLE RENAL STONES.

Background: Renal stone disease is a major health hazard in Pakistan and extra-corporeal shockwave lithofripsy is one of comprehensive method used to treat these stones. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of factors affecting the non-clearance of stone fragments of lower pole renalstone after extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The study was done with the objective to determine the frequency the spatial anatomical factors which can influence the non-clearance of lower pole stone fragments after ESWL.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Dermal Sinus.

Background Congenital dermal sinus (CDS) is an uncommon form of spinal dysraphism. Although postdelivery identification in the neonate is aided by several associated physical examination findings, establishing this diagnosis prenatally has proven to be elusive. Case Report We present a case of CDS where the prenatal findings at 20 weeks gestation led to the diagnosis, which was confirmed postnatally.

Disparities in health care delivery and hospital outcomes between non-Saudis and Saudi nationals presenting with acute coronary syndromes in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Saudi Arabia has a non-Saudi workers population. We investigated the differences and similarities of expatriate non-Saudi patients (NS) and Saudi nationals (SN) presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with respect to therapies and clinical outcomes.

Methods: The study evaluated 2031 of the 5055 ACS patients enrolled in the Saudi Project for Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (SPACE) from 2005 to 2007.

Clinical features, management, and short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure: phase I results of the HEARTS database.

Aims: The HEart function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia (HEARTS) is a national multicentre project, studying clinical features, management, short- and long-term outcomes, and mortality predictors in patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods And Results: Our prospective registry enrolled 2610 ADHF patients admitted to 18 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between October 2009 and December 2010, and followed mortality rates until January 2013. The patients included 66% men and 85.

Metastatic involvement of the spleen by endometrial adenocarcioma; a rare asylum for a common malignancy: a case report.

Background: Metastatic involvement of the spleen by solid tumors is a rare clinical entity; those coming from endometrial adenocarcinomas are exceptionally rare. Spleen is an uncommon site for metastatic deposits due to its specific anatomy and microenvironment. Typically, splenic metastasis from endometrial carcinomas present months to years after curative surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.