The structure of the porcine uterine-conceptus interface is associated with gestational day, fetal size and sex.

This study aimed to characterize histological changes of the maternal-conceptus interface in feto-placental units associated with fetal weight and sex throughout pregnancy. Pregnant Large-White X Landrace gilts(n=18) were euthanized and hysterectomized on gestational days[GDs] 30(n=3), 45(n=5), 60(n=5), and 90(n=5). Intact cross-sections of fetoplacental interface associated with the lightest[LW] and normally-grown[NW] littermates were collected on GD30(n=4 per size).

Child-to-Parent Violence and Abuse: A Scoping Review.

Child-to-parent violence and abuse (CPVA) is a pattern of behavior where a parent or carer is abused by a child they are caring for. The main body of work on CPVA is relatively recent and evolving at pace. This scoping review explores the characteristics of parents, carers, children, and young people in cases of CPVA, the characteristics of CPVA, and barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking in cases of CPVA.

Effects of foetal size, sex and developmental stage on adaptive transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle to intrauterine growth restriction in pigs.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs both in humans and domestic species. It has a particularly high incidence in pigs, and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as impaired postnatal growth. A key feature of IUGR is impaired muscle development, resulting in decreased meat quality.

Cardiorespiratory consequences of attenuated fentanyl and augmented rocuronium dosing during protocolised prehospital emergency anaesthesia at a regional air ambulance service: a retrospective study.

Background: Pre-Hospital Emergency Anaesthesia (PHEA) has undergone significant developments since its inception. However, optimal drug dosing remains a challenge for both medical and trauma patients. Many prehospital teams have adopted a drug regimen of 3 mcg/kg fentanyl, 2 mg/kg ketamine and 1 mg/kg rocuronium ('3:2:1').

When brain devices go wrong: a patient with a malfunctioning deep brain stimulator (DBS) presents to the emergency department.

A man in his 50s attended the emergency department with an acute deterioration in his Parkinson's symptoms, presenting with limb rigidity, widespread tremor, choreiform dyskinesia, dysarthria, intense sadness and a severe occipital headache. After excluding common differentials for sudden-onset parkinsonism (eg, infection, medication change), an error on the patient's deep brain stimulator was noted. The patient's symptoms only resolved once he was transferred to the specialist centre so that the programmer could reset the device settings.

cDC1-derived IL-27 regulates small intestinal CD4+ T cell homeostasis in mice.

The small intestinal lamina propria contains large numbers of IFNγ-producing T helper (Th1) cells that play important roles in intestinal homeostasis and host defense, but the mechanisms underlying their development remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Th1 cells accumulate in the SI-LP after weaning and are maintained there long term. While both Th17 and Th1 cell accumulation in the SI-LP was microbiota dependent, Th1 cell accumulation uniquely required IL-27 and MHCII expression by cDC1.

Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian species. However, the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and under-investigated. The abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS at gestational days (GD) 18, 30, 45, 60 and 90 (n = 5-11 gilts/GD).

Birthweight leads to seminal and testicular morphofunctional commitment in sexually mature boars.

Given the importance of males as semen donors for artificial insemination (AI) and the high incidence of low birthweight piglets at commercial farms, the impact of birthweight on fertility in boars deserves special attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate testicular morphofunctional parameters and semen characteristics in different birthweight boars. Forty littermate males were selected at birth and divided into two experimental groups, according to birthweight: high (HW, birthweight ranging from 1.

Sexual dimorphism in placental development and function: Comparative physiology with an emphasis on the pig.

Across mammalian species, it has been demonstrated that sex influences birth weight, with males being heavier than females; a characteristic that can be observed from early gestation. Male piglets are more likely to be stillborn and have greater preweaning mortality than their female littermates, despite the additional maternal investment into male fetal growth. Given the conserved nature of the genome between the sexes, it is hypothesized that these developmental differences between males and females are most likely orchestrated by differential placental adaptation.

Associations among body energy status, feeding duration and activity with respect to diet energy and protein content in housed dairy cows.

The study in this research paper was undertaken with a hypothesis that accelerometer data can be used to improve monitoring of energy balance in dairy cows. Animals of high (select, S) and average (control, C) genetic-merit lines were allocated to two feeding systems, by-product (BP) and homegrown (HG). This culminated in four production systems referred to as BPS, BPC, HGS and HGC.

Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig.

Background: Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial systems. Intrauterine growth restricted piglets represent 25% of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive performance. This study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different size.

KLB dysregulation mediates disrupted muscle development in intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals. Developmental adaptations of skeletal muscle in IUGR lead to increased risk of premature muscle loss and metabolic disease in later life. Here, we identified β-Klotho (KLB), a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) co-receptor, as a novel regulator of muscle development in IUGR.

Profiling of open chromatin in developing pig (Sus scrofa) muscle to identify regulatory regions.

There is very little information about how the genome is regulated in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa). This lack of knowledge hinders efforts to define and predict the effects of genetic variants in pig breeding programs. To address this knowledge gap, we need to identify regulatory sequences in the pig genome starting with regions of open chromatin.

Surface coating captures droplets.

A polymer coating made from cosmetics-based ingredients can be applied to diverse surfaces to capture airborne droplets and mitigate the transmission of infectious respiratory diseases.

Patterns of Virus Exposure and Presumed Household Transmission among Persons with Coronavirus Disease, United States, January-April 2020.

We characterized common exposures reported by a convenience sample of 202 US patients with coronavirus disease during January-April 2020 and identified factors associated with presumed household transmission. The most commonly reported settings of known exposure were households and healthcare facilities; among case-patients who had known contact with a confirmed case-patient compared with those who did not, healthcare occupations were more common. Among case-patients without known contact, use of public transportation was more common.

Associations between foetal size and ovarian development in the pig.

It is estimated that intra-uterine growth restricted piglets represent 25 % of the total number of piglets born. Growth restricted female pigs have impaired reproductive performance postnatally. HHowever, when during gestation this phenotype arises is not known.

Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 - United States, January-April 2020.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in the United States in January 2020 (1), and by mid-July, approximately 3.4 million cases had been reported in the United States (2). Information about symptoms among U.

Identification of appropriate reference genes for qPCR analyses of porcine placentae and endometria, supplying foetuses of different size and sex, at multiple gestational days.

Recent studies suggest associations exist between foetal size and sex, and gene expression at the porcine feto-maternal interface. It is essential to identify reference genes which have stable expression throughout gestation in feto-placental units associated with foetuses of different size and sex. qPCR was performed for 11 genes within porcine placentae and endometria at gestational days (GD) 30, 60 and 90.

Quantifying indium with ion chromatography in hydro- and biohydrometallurgical leaching solutions.

A methodology has been developed to chromatographically quantify indium in polymetallic (bio)hydrometallurgical processing solutions using the Dionex IonPac CS5A column and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid eluent. Cu(II) and In(III) could be separated by elevating the column temperature to 45°C. The comparatively low stability constant of the In-eluent complex (log K  = 3.

Novel relationships between porcine fetal size, sex, and endometrial angiogenesis†.

It is hypothesized that growth restriction occurs due to inadequate vascularization of the feto-maternal interface. Evidence exists for sexual dimorphism in placental function although associations between fetal sex and the endometrium remain poorly investigated. This study investigated the relationship between porcine fetal size, sex and endometrial angiogenesis at multiple gestational days (GD).

Association of foetal size and sex with porcine foeto-maternal interface integrin expression.

Integrins regulate adhesion at the foeto-maternal interface by interacting with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and fibronectin (FN). It is hypothesised that impaired foetal growth of 'runt' piglets is linked to altered integrin signalling at the foeto-maternal interface. Placental and endometrial samples associated with the lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW) (gestational day (GD18, 30, 45, 60 and 90), of both sex (GD30, 45, 60 and 90) (n = 5-8 litters/GD), Large White × Landrace conceptuses or foetuses were obtained.