Differential associations of anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies and soluble CD14 levels with immunosenescence in people living with HIV on long term antiretroviral therapy.

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) demonstrate accelerated aging and immunosenescence in spite of immune-restoration following long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART). Low level inflammation leading to inflammaging plays an important role in mediating premature immunosenescence. Ongoing viral replication, antiretrovirals and subclinical infections with the common viruses like Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are known to induce inflammaging.

Persons living with HIV continue to present late for care: A trend analysis from 2011 to 2015.

Context: The clinical and prevention benefits of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have led to the adoption of test and treat policy for HIV. Early diagnosis of HIV is crucial for maximal benefits from ART.

Aims: This study aims to assess trends in CD4 cell counts at diagnosis and determinants of late presentation.