IFN-γ promotes transendothelial migration of CD4 T cells across the blood-brain barrier.

Transendothelial migration (TEM) of Th1 and Th17 cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a critical role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). How cytokines produced by inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells damage the endothelial BBB and promote transendothelial migration of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during autoimmunity is not understood. We therefore investigated the effect of various cytokines on brain endothelial cells.

Simultaneous imaging of microRNA or mRNA territories with protein territory in mammalian cells at single cell resolution.

Cellular mechanisms that inhibit mRNA translation by regulatory molecules involving microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are well recognized in recent days. However, methodologies that measure these changes in cell populations lack the capabilities to observe such effects at single cell resolution. This is mostly due to the low level of transcript abundance and the heterogeneity of cell populations, together with the inability to measure transcripts and proteins at the same time.

Cellular detection of multiple antigens at single cell resolution using antibodies generated from the same species.

Biology at a cellular level comes with a great amount of heterogeneity. It is now evident that even clonally propagated cells in an in vitro population do not express the same set of cellular epitopes. The vascular endothelial as well as blood cells show a very high degree of heterogeneity in expression of specific proteins.

Lactobacillus plantarum (VR1) isolated from an ayurvedic medicine (Kutajarista) ameliorates in vitro cellular damage caused by Aeromonas veronii.

Background: Lactobacillus plantarum is considered as a safe and effective probiotic microorganism. Among various sources of isolation, traditionally fermented foods are considered to be rich in Lactobacillus spp., which can be exploited for their probiotic attribute.

Association of small Rho GTPases and actin ring formation in epithelial cells during the invasion by Candida albicans.

Invasion of epithelial cells is a major virulence determinant of Candida albicans; however, the molecular events that occur during invasion are not discerned. This study is aimed to elucidate the role of the host's actin remodeling and involvement of small GTPases during invasion. Actin filaments formed a rigid ring-like structure in the rabbit corneal epithelial cell line SIRC after C.