Agmatine prevents development of tolerance to anti-nociceptive effect of ethanol in mice.

Drug tolerance is directly correlated with drug abuse and physical dependence. The development of tolerance is manifested as the decline in pharmacological responses of drugs following repeated administration of the constant dose. The present study evaluated the effect of agmatine in ethanol-induced anti-nociception and tolerance in the tail-flick assay in mice.

Identification and validation of molecular markers linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 in wheat.

A leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 on the chromosome 7DL of wheat derived from Agropyron elongatum was tagged with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite markers. The F(2) population of 340 plants derived from a cross between the leaf rust resistant near-isogenic line (NIL) of Thatcher (Tc + Lr19) and leaf rust susceptible line Agra Local that segregated for dominant monogenic leaf rust resistance was utilized for generating the mapping population. The molecular markers were mapped in the F(2) derived F(3) homozygous population of 140 seedlings.

Development and validation of molecular markers linked to an Aegilops umbellulata-derived leaf-rust-resistance gene, Lr9, for marker-assisted selection in bread wheat.

An Aegilops umbellulata-derived leaf-rust-resistance gene, Lr9, was tagged with 3 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, which mapped within 1.8 cM of gene Lr9 located on chromosome 6BL of wheat. The markers were identified in an F2 population segregating for leaf-rust resistance, which was generated from a cross between 2 near-isogenic lines that differed in the alien gene Lr9 in a widely adopted agronomic background of cultivar 'HD 2329'.