Organ-specific malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection: epidemiological meta-analysis of incidence rates.

Background: Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening clinical emergency that necessitates immediate surgical intervention with an estimated mortality rate of approximately 1-2% per hour. When complicated by malperfusion, the perioperative mortality rate is reported to be increased by up to 39%. Malperfusion can affect many vascular beds with varying incidence and severity, resulting in coronary, cerebral, visceral, peripheral, renal or spinal malperfusion.

Incidence Rates of Penn Classes and Class-Specific Mortality in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients: An Epidemiologic Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening emergency that is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. One of the complications is end-organ ischemia, a known predictor of mortality. The primary aims of this meta-analysis were to summarize the findings of observational studies investigating the utility of the Penn classification system and to analyze the incidence rates and mortality patterns within each class.

The impact of surgical repair on left ventricular outflow tract in atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular valve orifice.

Objective: Although a narrow left ventricular outflow tract in atrioventricular septal defect is related to its intrinsic morphology, the contribution from the repair technique remains to be quantified.

Methods: A total of 108 patients with an atrioventricular septal defect with a common atrioventricular valve orifice were divided into 2 groups: 2-patch (N = 67) and modified 1-patch (N = 41) repair. The left ventricular outflow tract morphometric was analyzed by quantifying the degree of disproportion between subaortic and aortic annular dimensions (disproportionate morphometrics ratio was defined as ≤ 0.

Transseptal vs Transapical Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve and Valve-in-Ring Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement has become a useful alternative for patients with failed mitral prosthesis or annuloplasty rings who are deemed high risk for redo surgery. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes following transseptal (TS) and transapical (TA) approaches in transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring implantation (TMViV/R). Electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched through November 2022.

Protamine-Induced Coronary Graft Thrombosis: A Review.

Perioperative myocardial infarction is a serious complication affecting a significant portion of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This may arise due to coronary graft thrombosis, a rare but potentially fatal phenomenon associated with both congenital and acquired risk factors. Multiple case reports implicate the role of protamine in the development of such thromboses.

The role of abnormal subaortic morphometry as a substrate for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction following atrioventricular septal defect repair.

Objectives: Although left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a recognized risk after atrioventricular (AV) septal defect (AVSD) repair, quantitative assessments to define the substrate of the obstruction are lacking.

Methods: Morphometric analyses were based on measurements from early 2-dimensional echocardiographic scans (within 3 months postoperatively) for 117 patients (82 CAVVO = common AV valve; 35 SAVVO = separate AV valve orifices), which were compared to 50 age/weight matched controls (atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect). Late echocardiographic analyses were performed in 57 patients with AVSD (follow-up range, 1.

Infective endocarditis in paediatric population.

Infective endocarditis is very uncommon in children; however, when it does arise, it can lead to severe consequences. The biggest risk factor for paediatric infective endocarditis today is underlying congenital heart defects. The most common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and the viridans group of streptococci.