Chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide: a versatile biopolymer with endless grafting possibilities for multifarious applications.

Chito-oligosaccharides (COS), derived from chitosan (CH), are attracting increasing attention as drug delivery carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties. Grafting, the process of chemically modifying CH/COS by adding side chains, has been used to improve their drug delivery performance by enhancing their stability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth study on the recent advances in the grafting of CH/COS for multifarious applications.

Magnesium valproate ameliorates type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats through estrogen receptors.

Estrogen is known to exhibit cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic action. Valproic acid has been shown to upregulate estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast and prostate cancer tissues. No pharmacological evaluations for magnesium valproate (MgV) so far have been done for diabetic cadio-lipidemic complications.

Development and validation of bioanalytical method for simultaneous estimation of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The present study describes a novel liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous estimation of ramipril (RAM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction technique. This method made use of electrospray ionization in positive mode for RAM and in negative mode for HCTZ using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry where carbamazepine was used as an internal standard (IS). Analytes were recovered by methyl tertiary butyl ether:dichloromethane (85:15) subsequently separated on an Enable C18 G column (150 mm × 4.