RoS-KD: A Robust Stochastic Knowledge Distillation Approach for Noisy Medical Imaging.

AI-powered Medical Imaging has recently achieved enormous attention due to its ability to provide fast-paced healthcare diagnoses. However, it usually suffers from a lack of high-quality datasets due to high annotation cost, inter-observer variability, human annotator error, and errors in computer-generated labels. Deep learning models trained on noisy labelled datasets are sensitive to the noise type and lead to less generalization on the unseen samples.

Assessment of inhalation toxicity of cigarette smoke and aerosols from flavor mixtures: 5-week study in A/J mice.

Most flavors used in e-liquids are generally recognized as safe for oral consumption, but their potential effects when inhaled are not well characterized. In vivo inhalation studies of flavor ingredients in e-liquids are scarce. A structure-based grouping approach was used to select 38 flavor group representatives (FGR) on the basis of known and in silico-predicted toxicological data.

Basal Cell Adenoma of Parotid Gland: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm consists of a monomorphic population of basaloid epithelial cells, and it accounts for approximately 1-2 % of all salivary gland tumors. Its most frequent location is the parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm and mobile slow-growing mass.

A case of mitral stenosis with achalasia.

A 65-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease and severe mitral stenosis developed dysphagia. As her dysphagia could not be directly attributed to an enlarged left atrium, she underwent barium swallow, which established the diagnosis of achalasia. This case report shows two unrelated diseases present in the same patient which individually can cause dysphagia.

Use of nitric oxide inhalation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Inhalation of nitric oxide with oxygen could be a promising treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension. However, the current methods of delivery of NO are cumbersome and unsuitable for long term use. The present study was undertaken to investigate the safety and efficacy of a mixture of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen administered via a nasal cannula for 24 hours in patients with oxygen dependent COPD.

Nitric oxide and asthma: a review.

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from the amino acid arginine by enzymes called nitric oxide synthases. NO has an important physiologic role in the regulation of vascular tone, response to vascular injury, and hemostasis. It also acts as a neurotransmitter for the nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves and has important antimicrobial, immunologic, and proinflammatory activities.

Effects of sustained weight loss and exercise on aerobic fitness in obese women.

Objective: To assess the long term effects of weight loss with and without additional aerobic and weight training exercises on exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese women.

Experimental Design: Randomized prospective study for an approximately one-year community setting.

Patients: 31 healthy obese women volunteers (age 42.

Effects of theophylline on respiratory drive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Effects of theophylline administration on the respiratory drive were studied in seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). End tidal CO2 (PetCO2), minute ventilation (Ve), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), serum theophylline level (STL), ventilatory response (VeR), and mouth occlusion pressure response (OPR) to rise in PetCO2 on rebreathing were measured before and at 2-hour intervals after oral administration of 5 mg/kg anydrous theophylline or placebo. Mouth occlusion pressure response and VeR showed c significant increase after theophylline but not after placebo.

Clinical and personality profiles and survival in patients with COPD.

Objective: To assess the relationship of personality and clinical characteristics with survival in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design: Prospective double-blind study.

Setting: Outpatient clinic of a teaching Veterans Affairs Hospital in central New York.

Nonbronchodilator effects of pirbuterol and ipratropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Although both beta-adrenergic agonists and anticholinergic agents are widely used in the treatment of patients with COPD, they influence the pulmonary circulation and ventilation differently. We compared the effects of these two agents on gas exchange and distribution of ventilation in COPD.

Methods: Pirbuterol and ipratropium bromide were administered by inhalation via a metered-dose inhaler to 12 and 14 patients with COPD, respectively, in a randomized, double-blind fashion.

Prediction criteria for successful weaning from respiratory support: statistical and connectionist analyses.

Objective: To develop predictive criteria for successful weaning of patients from mechanical assistance to ventilation, based on simple clinical tests using discriminant analyses and neural network systems.

Design: Retrospective development of predictive criteria and subsequent prospective testing of the same predictive criteria.

Setting: Medical ICU of a 300-bed teaching Veterans Administration Hospital.

Use of serum theophylline level as a guide to optimum therapy in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

Blood and urine samples were collected simultaneously with measurements of pulmonary function at 2-hour intervals for 8 hours after oral administration of short-acting (SAT) and long-acting theophylline (LAT) preparations in 15 patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) on long-term maintenance theophylline therapy. The relationship between pulmonary function tests, serum theophylline level, plasma and urinary adenosine 3'5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was examined. The highest forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1 was obtained with STL of 12.

Nifedipine in chronic cor pulmonale: acute and relatively long-term effects.

After 20 mg sublingual nifedipine in 12 men with clinical stable chronic cor pulmonale the mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance fell, cardiac index rose, and mean pulmonary arterial (Ppa) and wedge (Ppaw) pressures, right atrial pressure, and PaO2 remained unchanged. After 20 mg orally every 6 hours for 24 hours in 11 patients, the mean arterial pressure fell further, systemic vascular resistance remained low, and the cardiac index returned to baseline, whereas the Ppa and Ppaw decreased, but the pulmonary vascular driving pressure (Ppa-Ppaw), right atrial pressure, PaO2, and spirometry and ejection fractions remained unchanged. Of eight patients receiving maintenance therapy four developed untoward side effects in 1 to 3 weeks and one was noncompliant.

Noninvasive tests for responsiveness of pulmonary hypertension to oxygen. Prediction of survival in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and cor pulmonale.

Response of mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) to breathing oxygen for 24 hours was measured in 43 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale (COPD-CP). Considering a greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg fall in PAP after breathing 28 percent oxygen for 24 hours to be a significant response to oxygen administration, 25 and 18 patients were identified as responders (R) and nonresponders (NR), respectively. Oxygen consumption at the end of a symptom-limited maximum exercise (Vo2 peak) and right (RVEF) and left ventricular (LVEF) ejection fractions by nuclide ventriculography (NVG) were also obtained, and the changes (delta) in RVEF and LVEF after 48 hours of oxygen breathing recorded.

Respiratory sensitivity to carbon dioxide in schizophrenia.

Respiratory sensitivity was evaluated in 10 patients with schizophrenia and 10 normal control subjects utilizing a rebreathing system and measurements of the changes in the mouth occlusion pressure in 100 ms and ventilation in response to the increase in end-tidal PCO2 (PetCO2). Although ventilation response was similar in both groups, we noted that the occlusion pressure response was more variable (coefficient of variability, CV = 17.5%) and the correlation coefficient (r = 0.

Comparison of the anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium bromide with metaproterenol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A 90-day multi-center study.

The short- and long-term efficacy and safety of an inhaled quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent, ipratropium bromide, and a beta agonist aerosol, metaproterenol, were compared in 261 nonatopic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study was a randomized, double-blind, 90-day, parallel-group trial. On three test days-one, 45, and 90-mean peak responses for forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity and mean area under the time-response curve were higher for ipratropium than for metaproterenol.

Comparison between long-term treatment of chronic bronchitic airway obstruction with ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol.

Twenty-eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with a reversible component were treated with either 40 micrograms of ipratropium bromide (IB) or 1.5 mg of metaproterenol (MP) by a metered dose inhaler four times a day in a double-blind randomized fashion. The treatment was continued for 3 months and pulmonary function tests and clinical evaluation were made on days, 1, 30, 45, 60, and 90.

Sarcoidlike granulomas as an early manifestation of Whipple's disease.

Whipple's disease is often accompanied by a long, preintestinal phase of vague symptoms, such as weight loss, fever, and migratory arthralgia, which may delay diagnosis and proper treatment. We report a patient who presented with sarcoidlike granulomas in the lung 1.5 yr before the development of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Gradual versus abrupt weaning from respiratory support in acute respiratory failure and advanced chronic obstructive lung disease.

Two methods of weaning from mechanical ventilation were compared in 18 instances of acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 30 days in patients with advanced chronic obstructive lung disease. All patients were ventilated using intermittent mandatory ventilation. Abrupt weaning (AW) consisted of abruptly discontinuing mechanical ventilation when the patients were considered ready for unassisted breathing.

Arterial oxygenation and pulmonary function with Saralasin in chronic lung disease.

During our earlier saralasin infusion study in hypertensive patients, we found a drug-induced rise in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) associated with unchanged mixed venous PO2 or the PaCO2 and unrelated to cardiopulmonary hemodynamic changes. To test the hypothesis that saralasin improved pulmonary mechanics, blood gases, lung mechanics, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and distribution of ventilation were analyzed and cardiac output (CO) measured in 12 normotensive men with chronic pulmonary disease before and during a 2 1/2 hour infusion of Saralasin (5 micrograms/kg/min). The PaO2 increased from a mean of 63 +/- 3 (SEM) to 70 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.

Early effects of oxygen administration and prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale.

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for predicting survival and clinical improvement with long-term domiciliary home oxygen therapy (LTDO2) in patients with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale (CP). Twenty-eight such patients were divided into 2 groups, responders (R) and nonresponders (NR), on the basis of the fall in their mean pulmonary artery pressure (delta PAP) while breathing 28% O2 for 24 h. The R(n = 17) and NR (n = 11) had delta PAP greater than and lesser than 5 mmHg, respectively.

Density dependence of expiratory flow and bronchodilator response in asthma.

Change in the magnitude of density dependence of the maximal expiratory flow (D/MEF) following inhalation of isoproterenol was used as a test for predicting the long term response to isoproterenol vs atropine in 24 adult patients with longstanding asthma. Eleven subjects showed a decrease in D/MEF manifested by increase in volume of isoflow (VisoV) and/or decrease in Vmax50 Helox/air following isoproterenol inhalation (group 1). Thirteen subjects manifested an opposite response (group 2).