Publications by authors named "Ashu Gupta"
In resource-constrained countries like India, mammography-based breast screening is challenging to implement. This state-wide study, funded by the Government of Punjab, evaluated the use of Thermalytix, a low-cost, radiation-free AI tool, for breast cancer screening. Community health workers, trained to raise awareness, mobilized women aged 30 and above for screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Rapid LDL-C reduction post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is crucial for future event prevention, but high-dose statins alone often don't meet LDL-C targets.
- Combining rosuvastatin, ezetimibe, and bempedoic acid (REB) in a study showed significant LDL-C decreases from baseline levels, achieving reductions within just one week.
- The triple therapy allowed over 76% of patients to reach recommended LDL-C levels quickly, making it a viable and affordable option for treatment in India.
Introduction: The India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) emphasizes decentralized patient-centric care to boost hypertension control in public healthcare facilities. We documented the decentralization process, enrolment pattern by facility type, and treatment outcomes in nine districts of Punjab and Maharashtra states, India, from 2018-2022.
Methods: We detailed the shift in hypertension care from higher facilities to Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) health system pillar framework.
Article Synopsis
- The Lipid Association of India updated its cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm to address the unique challenges of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Indians, focusing on early intervention.
- A series of expert meetings were held to review current evidence and refine treatment guidelines, emphasizing the need for aggressive preventive measures due to the young age of onset for ASCVD in the Indian population.
- The updated recommendations aim to enhance LDL-C-lowering therapy and improve risk management strategies for individuals at high risk of ASCVD, ultimately striving to reduce its prevalence in India and beyond.
Article Synopsis
- Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) often go undetected in chest radiographs, especially in post-menopausal women over 60, necessitating an effective detection tool.
- The study evaluated the AI tool Ofeye 1.0's performance in identifying OVFs on lateral chest x-rays, finding that it detected missed fractures in 28.8% of cases and had improved sensitivity compared to original radiologist reports.
- While Ofeye 1.0 showed high specificity (92.8%) and moderate overall accuracy (80.3%), its lower sensitivity (49%) indicates it should be used as a complementary tool alongside traditional radiology.
Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown.
Aims: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D.
Natural goods, medications, and pharmaceutically active substances all contain substituted oxindoles. Generally, the C-3 stereocenter of the substituents of oxindoles and their absolute arrangement have a substantial impact on the bioactivity of these substances. In this case, the desire for contemporary probe and drug-discovery programs for the synthesis of chiral compounds using desirable scaffolds with high structural diversity further drives research in this field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The data on clinical characteristics, treatment practices and out comes in patients with Non- ischemic Systolic Heart Failure (NISHF) is limited. We report clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in patients with NISHF.
Methods: 1004 patients with NISHF were prospectively enrolled and their demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment were recorded systematically.
Article Synopsis
- This study focused on patients with non-ischemic systolic heart failure, specifically assessing the incidence of recovered Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and its impact on mortality.
- Out of 369 patients with an initial LVEF of less than 40%, 36.5% showed recovery of LVEF after five years, with better recovery rates linked to higher baseline LVEF.
- Patients who experienced recovery of LVEF had significantly lower mortality rates (18.1%) compared to those who did not recover (57.1%).
At the level of the left coronary artery tree, there is evidence showing an association between bifurcation angle and coronary artery disease (CAD), and this motivated us to explore similar associations at the level of the right coronary artery (RCA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between RCA-aorta angle and CAD and age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol. The coronary computed tomography angiography datasets and CAD risk factor checklists of 250 patients were retrospectively reviewed, with RCA-aorta angles measured via multiplanar reformation images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the anatomical features and generation of realistic three-dimensional (3D) visualization of congenital heart disease (CHD) is always challenging due to the complexity and wide spectrum of CHD. Emerging technologies, including 3D printing and mixed reality (MR), have the potential to overcome these limitations based on 2D and 3D reconstructions of the standard DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images. However, very little research has been conducted with regard to the clinical value of these two novel technologies in CHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Anatomical knowledge is essential for healthcare professions, but using cadaveric specimens for teaching can be limited by cost, ethics, and accessibility issues.* -
- This study focused on creating an augmented reality (AR) and 3D printed model teaching tool to represent normal ankle and foot anatomy using MRI data, which was processed with open-source software and imported into Unity 3D for interactivity.* -
- Although the models visually represent anatomy well, challenges with object recognition and AR tracking were experienced, highlighting the need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of this teaching method and its impact on learning.*
Article Synopsis
- - Compound 1 effectively inhibits the TGF-β receptor type-1 but lacks metabolic stability, making it less viable for use.
- - Researchers modified a part of this compound to improve its stability and enhance its effectiveness in cells and in mice.
- - The study details the structure-activity relationship (SAR) that resulted in the identification of MDV6058 (PF-06952229) as a promising candidate for further preclinical development.
Objective: The research for analyzing the smile characteristics in the Indian population has been limited with contradictory outcomes. This consensus statement aims to critically review the literature and provide basic practice guidelines on dental aesthetics related to the Indian population.
Clinical Considerations: 9 clinicians and 6 resource persons from dental colleges in India collaborated in this consensus statement which covered 6 topics along with 6 introductory and 6 conclusive remarks.
We present a case of reversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with characteristic stress or "Takotsubo" cardiomyopathy (SCM) after therapeutic pericardiocentesis in a patient with tubercular pericardial effusion. SCM following pericardiocentesis is uncommon, as opposed to the well-defined entity, pericardial decompression syndrome (PDS). PDS is defined as a paradoxical deterioration of hemodynamics and development of severe biventricular dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, and pulmonary edema after uneventful, often large volume pericardiocentesis in patients of pericardial effusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study evaluates how coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) can personalize the allocation of lipid-lowering therapy for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVCD), compared to traditional cohort-based risk scores.
- A retrospective analysis of 450 patients showed that CCTA can significantly reassign patients' risk, with 23% of patients being reassigned using CCTA alone or CCTA based clinical risk scores.
- Results indicated that using CCTA improves the decision-making process for therapy allocation, as no low-risk patients identified by CCTA required revascularization, unlike 3% indicated by traditional risk scores.
Both three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual reality (VR) are reported as being superior to the current visualization techniques in conveying more comprehensive visualization of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, little is known in terms of their clinical value in diagnostic assessment, medical education, and preoperative planning of CHD. This cross-sectional study aims to address these by involving 35 medical practitioners to subjectively evaluate VR visualization of four selected CHD cases in comparison with the corresponding 3D printed heart models (3DPHM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A 43-year-old woman developed chest pain after radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia, leading to the discovery of a large mass in her left atrium.
- Imaging confirmed the mass as a posterolateral intramural hematoma, and her condition deteriorated, necessitating emergency surgery.
- Fortunately, the hematoma resolved completely within six weeks following the procedure.
Background And Objectives: is recognized as an important pathogen of respiratory tract infections. The rapidly, emerging problem of antibiotic resistant is a major issue nowadays. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated from upper respiratory tract infections in tertiary care hospital of south Karnataka.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Signaling through the CSF1R receptor is crucial for attracting and differentiating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which can promote tumor growth and spread.
- Researchers are testing small molecule inhibitors of CSF1R in clinical settings, both alone and with other treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors, to improve cancer therapy.
- The study focuses on optimizing a potent bis-amide CSF1R inhibitor that has better stability and absorption in mice, making it a promising candidate for oral administration.
Article Synopsis
- Aberrant B-cell activation is linked to various cancers and blood disorders, making them a target for treatment.
- BTK and PI3Kδ are important kinases involved in B-cell signaling, and their inhibitors have shown promise in treating specific lymphomas.
- The study introduces new compounds that effectively inhibit both BTK and PI3Kδ, potentially enhancing treatment responses and addressing resistance in B-cell diseases.
Article Synopsis
- EZH2 is a crucial component of the PRC2 complex, responsible for adding methyl groups to histone H3, which can influence gene expression and is linked to various cancers when dysregulated.
- Developing EZH2 inhibitors has become a key focus in cancer therapy, with many existing inhibitors featuring a bicyclic heteroaryl structure.
- This study presents the creation of new EZH2 inhibitors based on an indoline core, which show strong effectiveness (nanomolar activity) while enhancing solubility and stability against oxidative breakdown.