Emerging nanotechnology-driven drug delivery solutions for malaria: Addressing drug resistance and improving therapeutic success.

Malaria remains the fifth deadliest parasitic infection worldwide, despite significant advancements in technology. A major challenge in combating this disease lies in the growing resistance of malaria parasites to antimalarial drugs and insect vectors to insecticides. The emerging inefficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) further exacerbates the issue.

Concurrent heat stress and air pollution episodes by considering future projection of climate change.

The simultaneous effect of heat stress and air pollutants such as ozone can cause many health issues in cities. The situation exacerbates in the context of climate change and temperature rise. Furthermore, ground-level ozone, worsened by climate change, needs investigation for effective management.

Improving organoleptic and antioxidant properties by inhibition of novel miRstv_7 to target key genes of steviol glycosides biosynthetic pathway in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevioside (5-10%) and rebaudioside-A (2-4%) are well-characterized diterpene glycosides found in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana known to have natural sweetening properties with zero glycaemic index. Stevioside has after-taste bitterness, whereas rebaudioside-A is sweet in taste. The ratio of rebaudioside-A to stevioside needs to be changed in order to increase the effectiveness and palatability of this natural sweetener.

Regulatory trends in engineering bioactive-phytocompounds.

The secondary plant metabolites are of enormous importance because of their extensive medicinal, nutraceutical, and industrial applications. In plants, these secondary metabolites are often found in extremely small amounts, therefore, following the discovery of any prospective metabolite, the main constraining element is the ability to generate enough material for use in both industrial and therapeutic settings. In order to satisfy the rising demand for value-added metabolites, researchers prefer to use different molecular approaches for scalable and sustainable production of these phytocompounds.

Assessment of species distribution and virulence factors of oral fungal carriage among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a case-control study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to study oral fungal carriage and its potential impact. In oral fungal environments, factors like changes in respiratory epithelium, increased pathogen attachment, local inflammation, and virulence factors could influence COVID-19 severity. The authors conducted a study to explore oral fungal carriage in COVID-19 patients and compare it to a healthy control group.

Designing and Developing Serological Test for the Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis Using a New Recombinant Multi-epitope.

Purpose: Fascioliasis is a common parasitic disease in humans and herbivores which is caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica and has a worldwide distribution. Serological tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique play a prominent role in the fast diagnosis of the disease. However, there are diagnostic limitations, including cross-reactivity with other worms, which decline the specificity of the results.

The steroid hormone ADIOL promotes learning by reducing neural kynurenic acid levels.

Reductions in brain kynurenic acid levels, a neuroinhibitory metabolite, improve cognitive function in diverse organisms. Thus, modulation of kynurenic acid levels is thought to have therapeutic potential in a range of brain disorders. Here we report that the steroid 5-androstene 3β, 17β-diol (ADIOL) reduces kynurenic acid levels and promotes associative learning in We identify the molecular mechanisms through which ADIOL links peripheral metabolic pathways to neural mechanisms of learning capacity.

Reconstruction of exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol using computational fluid dynamics, physiologically based toxicokinetics and statistical modeling.

Objectives: This study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD), physiologically based toxicokinetics (PBTK), and statistical modeling to reconstruct exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol. By utilizing a validated CFD model, human respiratory deposition of MDI aerosol in different workload conditions was investigated, while a PBTK model was calibrated using experimental rat data. Biomonitoring data and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation were utilized for exposure assessment.

Insights into Pharmacological Potential of Apigenin through Various Pathways on a Nanoplatform in Multitude of Diseases.

Apigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound widely distributed as a glycoside in fruits and vegetables. Apigenin belongs to BCS class II with low solubility, which leads to poor absorption and bioavailability. It is mostly absorbed from the small intestine and extensively metabolized through glucuronidation and sulfation processes.

Identifying lipid particle sub-types in live with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging.

Fat metabolism is an important modifier of aging and longevity in . Given the anatomy and hermaphroditic nature of , a major challenge is to distinguish fats that serve the energetic needs of the parent from those that are allocated to the progeny. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy has revealed that the composition and dynamics of lipid particles are heterogeneous both within and between different tissues of this organism.

A survey on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in Eosinophilic children of Northwest Iran.

Background: Toxocariasis is a serious zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the nematodes; species.

Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in eosinophilic children referred to the pediatrics hospital of Qazvin province northwest Iran during 2019-2020.

Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from eosinophilic children referred to the Qods Pediatrics Hospital.

Enhancement of diterpenoid steviol glycosides by co-overexpressing SrKO and SrUGT76G1 genes in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevia rebaudiana (stevia) contains commercially important steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A, these compounds have insulinotropic and anti-hyperglycemic effect. Steviol, stevioside and rebaudioside-A have taste modulation and insulin potentiation activity. Stevia leaves are composed of steviol (2-5%), stevioside (4-13%) and rebaudioside-A (1-6%).

Seroepidemiological Study of Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) in Children under 12 Years Old in North of Iran: An Observational Study in 2019-2020.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by the complex that is transmitted by the bites of female sandflies. Mediterranean type of VL caused by . While, Roudbar County of Guilan Province has been introduced as a suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis focus; there are no published data on the seroprevalence of VL in Guilan Province.

Infection in a Rural Child from North of Iran.

We report a case of infection in a two years old boy living in Guilan Province, northern Iran diagnosed in 2019. The patient was complained of anorexia, weight loss, weakness and disturbed sleep. Stool examination revealed numerous eggs of After treatment with a single dose of oral praziquantel, the patient recovered without evidence of the egg shedding in follow-up stool samples.

Meteorological dependence, source identification, and carcinogenic risk assessment of PM-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-traffic roadside, urban background, and remote suburban area.

Unlabelled: The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to ambient fine Particular Matter (PM) are currently drawing a lot of attention due to their adverse health effects increasing lung cancer risk in humans. In this study, The PM samples were collected by high volume air samplers simultaneously from three different sites (high-traffic roadside, urban background, and remote suburban) in Tehran, Iran during warm and cold seasons (from July 2018 to March 2019), and 16 PAHs were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Unlike previous studies, a remote suburban area was chosen so as to observe the spatial differentiation in PM-bound PAH characteristics.

Identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from water and soil of public parks in the north of Iran.

Acanthamoeba, a free-living and opportunistic protozoan parasite, is a causative agent of severe human infections of the cornea and brain. The present study evaluated the distribution and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. in water and soil of recreational places in various areas in Guilan province in northern Iran.

Integrated miRNA, target mRNA, and metabolome profiling of with reference to berberine biosynthesis.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs play a central role in gene regulation and emerge as novel targets for secondary metabolites improvement in plants. The crops thus can be improved through knowledge obtained by the study of miRNAs because of their conserved nature in gene regulation. The present study has been carried out on because of its illimitable application for the treatment of various diseases.

Better living through communal eating.

Caenorhabditis elegans do not grow on either Staphylococcus saprophyticus or heat-killed Escherichia coli, but do so when exposed to both. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Geng and colleagues have identified E. coli-derived signals as well as the host's neural and innate immunity pathways that promote digestion of S.

Germline transformation of L. plant via transformation technology "Floral dip".

The therapeutic efficacy of L. is governed by artemisinin (ART), prevalently produced by extraction. Due to the modest amount of ART (0.

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Glandular Trichome Density and Steviol Glycosides Accumulation in .

With the advent of modern lifestyles, diabetes-related comorbidities attributed the importance of low-caloric natural sweetener plants such as . This plant is the viable source of steviol glycosides (SGs) and other economically important secondary metabolites. Glandular trichomes (GTs) play the role as a reservoir for all secondary products present in the plant species.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria immitis in road killed canids of northern Iran.

Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode, which infects primarily wild and domestic canids, causing cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and characterize molecular features of D. immitis in road killed canids, northern Iran.