Microsurgical Clipping of Wide-Neck Anterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Case Series From a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Background Aneurysms of the anterior circulation are the most prevalent of intracranial aneurysms, most of which are saccular. Wide-neck aneurysms (WNAs) are a specific subtype of intracranial aneurysms that are difficult to treat. Adequate endovascular management of such aneurysms requires assistive devices that are either too costly or sometimes unavailable in our setting as a resource-limited country, strongly supporting the resurgence of microsurgical clipping in the management of such understudied aneurysms.

Evaluation of Lateral Triangular Flaps When Combined With Bilateral Superficial Epigastric Artery Flap for Shaft-only Penile Reconstruction.

Background: Phalloplasty represents a challenging complex genital reconstruction surgery. Phalloplasty should result in an aesthetic composite phallus, with the ability to void while standing, allowing placement of an implantable prostheses and preserving both tactile and erogenous sensation with minimal donor site morbidity.

Methods: A bilateral superficial epigastric artery flap was design in the supra pubic area, extending upward till the lower boarder of the umbilicus.

Natural compounds as regulators of miRNAs: exploring a new avenue for treating colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally, impacting both genders equally. The increasing global mortality rates from CRC are strongly linked to contemporary dietary habits, characterized by excessive meat consumption, alcohol intake, and insufficient physical activity. Thus, there is an unprecedented need to develop less hazardous and new therapies for CRC.

Accuracy of Apple Watch in Measuring 30-Second Resting Electrocardiography in Patients with Cardiac Diseases and Comorbidity: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a standard method for studying the heart rate and heart electricity. The Apple Watch has recently been used to measure heart electricity via 30 seconds of ECG monitoring, but its validity is not known.

Methods: A cross-sectional study included a sample of 112 patients with chronic disorders, including cardiac patients with sinus rhythm, cardiac patients with irregular heart rhythm, and patients with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; their cardiac activity was investigated using the Apple Watch and ECG.

Ethics considerations for precision medicine research and genetic testing in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Genetic data transfer within multicentre clinical trials conducted in low- and middle-income countries is common and must be communicated to study participants as part of ethical requirements.

Aims: To analyse ethics practices in precision medicine research in low- and middle-income countries and make useful recommendations.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review of published literature and existing ethics frameworks regarding underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries in genomic databases, informed consent and data security discussions, as well as the potential for exploitation and limited access to benefits.

Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsion for enhanced skin deposition of fluticasone propionate in psoriatic plaques: A combinatorial anti-inflammatory effect to suppress implicated cytokines.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects patients' quality of life. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of topical application of fluticasone propionate (FP) using a eucalyptus oil-based nanoemulsion, an oil possessing anti-inflammatory activity and extracted from the leaves, fruits, and buds of Eucalyptus globulus or Eucalyptus maidenii, to improve the skin deposition of FP and aid its anti-inflammatory effect. Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize NE formulations, which were characterized for globule size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, rheological behavior, microscopic morphology, ex vivo skin permeation/deposition, and in vivo efficacy using imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions.

One pot multi-component synthesis of novel functionalized pyrazolo furan-2(5H)-one derivatives: in vitro, DFT, molecular docking, and pharmacophore studies, as coronavirus inhibitors.

New and facile one-pot approach for the syntheses of 12 derivatives of 3,5-disubstituted furane-2(5H)-one (4a-l) from easily available starting materials. The suitable synthetic procedures for selective synthesis of diverse furane-2(5H)-one derivatives were achieved via multi-component condensation of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (1), pyruvic acid and different aromatic amines 3a-l in good to high yields and short reaction time by refluxing in acetic acid as well as obtained by another method (method B) when unsaturated arylidene pyruvic acid 6 was refluxed with different aromatic amines in acetic acid but in smaller yield than method A. Structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data as mass, IR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectroscopy.

Unveiling the photocatalytic potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN): a state-of-the-art review.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based materials have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their unique band structure, excellent stability, and environmental friendliness. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current state of research on g-CN-based photocatalysts. The review summarizes several strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine g-CN, , by creating heterojunctions, doping with non-metallic and metallic materials, co-catalyst loading, tuning catalyst morphology, metal deposition, and nitrogen-defect engineering.

Nanomaterials-modified reverse osmosis membranes: a comprehensive review.

Because of its great efficiency and widespread application, reverse osmosis (RO) is a popular tool for water desalination and purification. However, traditional RO membranes have a short lifespan due to membrane fouling, deterioration, decreased salt rejection rate, and the low water flux with aging. As a result, membrane modification has received a lot of attention recently, with nanomaterials being extensively researched to improve membrane efficacy and lifespan.

A novel layered double hydroxide-based ternary nanocomposite for the effective photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is a green and effective route of wastewater treatment. Zinc oxide was initially used for this purpose; however, calcined zinc/chromium layered double hydroxide (ZnCr-LDO) and cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdSQDs)-based nanocomposites proved as superior alternatives. Herein, we report a green sonochemical method for the sol-gel fabrication of novel CdSQDs@ZnCr-LDO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite that exhibited exceptional photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B dye (RhB), in wastewaters, under UV-A-irradiation.

Accuracy of Apple Watch to Measure Cardiovascular Indices in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: The validity of the Apple Watch to measure the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (Spo) for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hypertension is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the accuracy of the Apple Watch in measuring the Spo and HR in patients with chronic diseases.

Methods: Forty-one patients with chronic diseases, including 20 with hypertension, 10 with diabetes, and 11 with dyslipidemia, completed a cross-sectional study.

Automated Machine Learning for Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy Progression From Ultra-Widefield Retinal Images.

Importance: Machine learning (ML) algorithms have the potential to identify eyes with early diabetic retinopathy (DR) at increased risk for disease progression.

Objective: To create and validate automated ML models (autoML) for DR progression from ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal images.

Design, Setting And Participants: Deidentified UWF images with mild or moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) with 3 years of longitudinal follow-up retinal imaging or evidence of progression within 3 years were used to develop automated ML models for predicting DR progression in UWF images.

Advances in ultrasound-assisted synthesis of photocatalysts and sonophotocatalytic processes: A review.

Water pollution and the global energy crisis are two significant challenges that the world is facing today. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis offers a simple, versatile, and green synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by traditional synthesis. Furthermore, the integration of ultrasound and photocatalysis has recently received considerable interest due to its potential for environmental remediation as a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly technique.

INTEGRATING MACULAR OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY WITH ULTRAWIDE-FIELD IMAGING IN A DIABETIC RETINOPATHY TELEMEDICINE PROGRAM USING A SINGLE DEVICE.

Purpose: To determine the effect of combined macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrawide field retinal imaging (UWFI) within a telemedicine program.

Methods: Comparative cohort study of consecutive patients with both UWFI and SD-OCT. Ultrawide field retinal imaging and SD-OOCT were independently evaluated for diabetic macular edema (DME) and nondiabetic macular abnormality.

Intracranial Relapse in Pediatric Sarcoma.

Advances in local control techniques, chemotherapy regimens, and imaging modalities have led to improvements in both morbidity and mortality in pediatric sarcoma patients. However, approximately one-third of patients develop disease relapse and intracranial metastasis was considered rare. The incidence of sarcoma brain metastasis is thought to have increased and is associated with grim outcomes.

The use of chitosan-based composites for environmental remediation: A review.

The presence of hazardous pollutants in water sources as a result of industrial activities is a major environmental challenge that impedes the availability of safe drinking water. Adsorptive and photocatalytic degradative removal of various pollutants in wastewater have been recognized as cost-effective and energy-efficient strategies. In addition to its biological activity, chitosan and its derivatives are considered as promising materials for the removal of various pollutants.

One-field, two-field and five-field handheld retinal imaging compared with standard seven-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study photography for diabetic retinopathy screening.

Background/aims: To determine agreement of one-field (1F, macula-centred), two-field (2F, disc-macula) and five-field (5F, macula, disc, superior, inferior and nasal) mydriatic handheld retinal imaging protocols for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as compared with standard seven-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) photography.

Methods: Prospective, comparative instrument validation study. Mydriatic retinal images were taken using three handheld retinal cameras: Aurora (AU; 50° field of view (FOV), 5F), Smartscope (SS; 40° FOV, 5F), and RetinaVue (RV; 60° FOV, 2F) followed by ETDRS photography.

Fouling in reverse osmosis membranes: monitoring, characterization, mitigation strategies and future directions.

Water scarcity has been a global challenge for many countries over the past decades, and as a result, reverse osmosis (RO) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective tool for water desalination and wastewater remediation. Currently, RO accounts for >65% of the worldwide desalination capacity; however, membrane fouling is a major issue in RO processes. Fouling reduces the membrane's lifespan and permeability, while also increases the operating pressure and chemical cleaning frequency.

Proactive Glucose Screening Tool Effective for Time-sensitive Identification of Hyperglycemia in Childhood Cancer Patients.

Approximately 4% to 35% of pediatric patients undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy) develop drug-induced hyperglycemia. Though hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes, no guidelines for identifying drug-induced hyperglycemia currently exist, and the time course for developing hyperglycemia remains relatively uncharacterized after induction therapy. The present study evaluated a hyperglycemia screening protocol that was implemented to identify hyperglycemia more promptly, examined predictors of hyperglycemia during ALL and LLy therapy, and described the timeline for developing hyperglycemia.

Can Essential Oils/Botanical Agents Smart-Nanoformulations Be the Winning Cards against Psoriasis?

Although psoriasis remains one of the most devastating inflammatory disorders due to its huge negative impact on patients' quality of life, new "green" treatment approaches still need to be fully explored. The purpose of this review article is to focus on the utilization of different essential oils and active constituents of herbal botanical origin for the treatment of psoriasis that proved efficacious via both in vitro and in vivo models. The applications of nanotechnology-based formulations which displayed great potential in augmenting the permeation and delivery of these agents is also addressed.

Performance of Automated Machine Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Image Classification from Multi-field Handheld Retinal Images.

Purpose: To create and validate code-free automated deep learning models (AutoML) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) classification from handheld retinal images.

Design: Prospective development and validation of AutoML models for DR image classification.

Participants: A total of 17 829 deidentified retinal images from 3566 eyes with diabetes, acquired using handheld retinal cameras in a community-based DR screening program.

Maximum Entropy Exploration in Contextual Bandits with Neural Networks and Energy Based Models.

Contextual bandits can solve a huge range of real-world problems. However, current popular algorithms to solve them either rely on linear models or unreliable uncertainty estimation in non-linear models, which are required to deal with the exploration-exploitation trade-off. Inspired by theories of human cognition, we introduce novel techniques that use maximum entropy exploration, relying on neural networks to find optimal policies in settings with both continuous and discrete action spaces.