Circulating miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Adult Egyptian Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of abnormalities related to metabolism that increase the risk of cardiac diseases, type 2 diabetes and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) act as regulators of many cellular and metabolic events, and any dysregulation of these tiny molecules can cause great disturbance in one's health. The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic potential of miR-148a-5p and miR-21-5p in MetS.

Potential role of circulating microRNAs (486-5p, 497, 509-5p and 605) in metabolic syndrome Egyptian male patients.

This study aims to evaluate the expression pattern of circulating microRNAs (miR)-486-5p, miR-497, miR-509-5p, and miR-605 in the serum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) Egyptian male patients. In this study, the circulating miR-486-5p, miR-497, miR509-5p, and miR-605 were amplified and quantitatively detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in sera of 55 MetS male patients in comparison to 20 male controls. The level of fasting plasma glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) were measured using calorimetric assay.

The (FTO) gene polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Egyptian females: a case- control study.

Background: Variations within fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene had crosstalk with obesity risk in European and some Asian populations. This study was designed to investigate FTO rs9939609 association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as biochemical parameters as plasma glucose, serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and transaminases enzymes in Arab female population from Egypt.

Methods: In order to achieve that, FTO gene rs9939609 (A < T) was genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay in a total of 197 females which were enrolled in this study.

Genotype screening of APLN rs3115757 variant in Egyptian women population reveals an association with obesity and insulin resistance.

Aims: Apelin is one of adipokines that plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and vascular integrity. A definite genetic variant of apelin gene (APLN), rs3115757, was recently introduced to potentially influence apelin expression in adipocytes. The aim of our study was to explore the sights of a potential association of this functional variant with obesity traits, insulin resistance indices as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence.

Dental Procedures: Is it a Risk Factor for Injectable Dermal Fillers?

Dental procedures done in the vicinity of dermal fillers may result in complications of the dermal fillers such as infections which may mimic a dental infection. These infections of dermal fillers must be differentiated from facial cellulitis or from dental infection as treatment for infection from dermal fillers may be prolonged with repeated use of antibiotics, incision and drainage or removal of the filler material itself. Dental surgeons need to be aware of this potential risk in order to recognize and manage it appropriately.

Reexamination of the relationship between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus and parenteral antischistosomal therapy among Egyptians resident in Qatar.

Egypt has the highest prevalence of recorded hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, estimated nationally at 14.7%, which is attributed to extensive iatrogenic transmission during the era of parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT) mass-treatment campaigns. The objective of our study was to attempt to highlight to what extent HCV transmission is ongoing and discuss the possible risk factors.

The serine protease granzyme B as an inflammatory marker, in relation to the insulin receptor cleavage in human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance form hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increased circulating level of the serine protease granzyme B (GzmB) is observed during prolonged inflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, insulin receptor cleavage by unknown proteases, yielding elevated levels of insulin receptor α-subunit (IRα), was observed in T2DM and was proposed as a new mechanism of insulin resistance.

Changes of serum omentin-1 levels and relationship between omentin-1 and insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Objectives: Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine that has a pivotal role in modulating the insulin sensitivity, immunity and inflammation. The current study was conducted to evaluate the serum omentin-1 level in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients, with or without type 2 diabetes, and to investigate its correlation with liver function parameters and insulin resistance.

Methods: Eighty subjects were enrolled in this study divided into four groups: chronic HCV infected patients (n=20), chronic hepatitis C patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes (n=18), type 2 diabetic patients (n=22) and 20 healthy controls.

The interplay of YKL-40 and leptin in type 2 diabetic obese patients.

Recently, YKL-40 has been identified as a new inflammatory marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while leptin is one of the most important adipose derived hormones. However, the relationship between them has not been elucidated. Therefore this study aimed to study their correlation in obese T2DM patients.

Acute and chronic saturated fatty acid treatment as a key instigator of the TLR-mediated inflammatory response in human adipose tissue, in vitro.

A post-prandial increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and glucose (Glc) activates an inflammatory response, which may be prolonged following restoration of physiological SFAs and Glc levels--a finding referred to as 'metabolic memory'. This study examined chronic and oscillating SFAs and Glc on the inflammatory signalling pathway in human adipose tissue (AT) and adipocytes (Ads) and determined whether Ads are subject to "metabolic memory." Abdominal (Abd) subcutaneous (Sc) explants and Ads were treated with chronic low glucose (L-Glc): 5.

Vaspin and visfatin/Nampt are interesting interrelated adipokines playing a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Recently, vaspin and visfatin/Nampt have been identified as interesting novel adipokines having insulin-sensitizing and insulin-mimetic effects, respectively. However, the relationship between them has not been elucidated; and their circulating levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether their levels are altered in Egyptian T2DM patients and to study the correlation of these novel adipokines with each other and with insulin resistance, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and other biochemical parameters.

Elevated endotoxin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Emerging data indicate that gut-derived endotoxin may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation in insulin resistant states. This study aimed to examine the importance of serum endotoxin and inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the effect of treatment with a lipase inhibitor, Orlistat, on their inflammatory status.

Methods: Fasted serum from 155 patients with biopsy proven NAFLD and 23 control subjects were analysed for endotoxin, soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFRII) and various metabolic parameters.

Comparative study of neuromuscular blocking and hemodynamic effects of rocuronium and cisatracurium under sevoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia.

Unlabelled: Neuromuscular blockers (NMB) are important adjuvant to general anesthesia. Rocuronium bromide and cisatracurium besylate are considered relatively recently introduced non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.

Objectives: This study evaluates the enhancement of cisatracurium and rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block during anesthesia with 1.

Cellular immune responses in seronegative sexual contacts of acute hepatitis C patients.

Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) is typically defined as new viremia and antibody seroconversion. Rates and immunologic correlates of hepatitis C clearance have therefore been based on clearance of viremia only in individuals who initially had an antibody response. We sought to characterize the immunological correlates of clearance in patients with acute hepatitis C and their sexual contacts.