Virulence and Replicative Fitness of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) Viruses Harbouring Drug Resistance-Associated Mutation.

The biological characteristics of early transmitted/founder (T/F) variants are crucial factors for viral transmission and constitute key determinants for the development of better therapeutics and vaccine strategies. The present study aimed to generate T/F viruses and to characterize their biological properties. For this purpose, we constructed 18 full-length infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV from recently infected infants.

Integrator complex subunit 12 knockout overcomes a transcriptional block to HIV latency reversal.

The latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. Combining latency reversal agents (LRAs) with differing mechanisms of action such as AZD5582, a non-canonical NF-kB activator, and I-BET151, a bromodomain inhibitor is appealing towards inducing HIV-1 reactivation. However, even this LRA combination needs improvement as it is inefficient at activating proviruses in cells from people living with HIV (PLWH).

Green synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles and their composites using leaf extract displayed enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potentials.

Green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs), along with their composites, exhibit various biological activities. (Holy basil), traditionally used as medicine in South Asia, treats respiratory disorders, digestive issues, skin diseases and inflammatory conditions. Modern scientific studies support these bioactivities; however, no studies have investigated their bioactivity in combination with NPs.

Assembly of Emulsion-Based Cascade Vehicles for Combination Oxygen-Chemotherapy in Diabetic Wound Healing.

High blood glucose and insufficient angiogenesis in diabetic wounds prevent healing, often leading to amputation or death. To address this, a multifunctional emulsion loaded with simvastatin and stabilized by enzymes was synthesized using ultrasound-assisted emulsification. This emulsion promotes angiogenesis and reduces blood glucose levels.

Targeting SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein: molecular insights into phytocompounds binding interactions - molecular docking.

This study utilized small molecular characterization and docking study to evaluate the binding affinity of seven antiviral phytocompounds with the SARS CoV-2 variants (SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant in 1-RBD, Alpha Variant SARS-CoV2- Spike Protein). The results revealed that five of seven compounds, possesses excellent drug lead property reveled through in-silico ADMET analysis. In addition, six of seven except D-Glucosamine, exhibited excellent binding affinity.

A targeted CRISPR screen identifies ETS1 as a regulator of HIV latency.

Unlabelled: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is regulated by a wide array of host cell factors that combine to influence viral transcription and latency. To understand the complex relationship between the host cell and HIV latency, we performed a lentiviral CRISPR screen that targeted a set of host cell genes whose expression or activity correlates with HIV expression. We further investigated one of the identified factors - the transcription factor ETS1 and found that it is required for maintenance of HIV latency in a primary CD4 T cell model.

Sonochemical deposition of gold nano-shells on suspended polymeric spheres.

Metal nanoparticles have drawn great interest due to their unique properties for applications in the fields of catalysis, biomedicine and environmental science depending on the architecture of the metal nanoparticle composites. Amongst different designing routes, the chemical template deposition offers great flexibility in terms of the template selection and interfacial interactions, giving rise to controllable designs. In order to control over nanoparticle size distribution and deposition efficiency, a sonochemical approach has been systematically followed in this study.

Ultrasound-Assisted Advanced Oxidation Process Using Perovskite-Type LaMnO Nanospheres.

Among the perovskite oxide community, La-based perovskites have garnered considerable interest due to their remarkable properties including catalytic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, sensing, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics. Herein, rhodamine-B (RB) dye has been reported to be sono-catalytically decomposed by an ultrasound-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP) using perovskite-type LaMnO (LMO) nanospheres synthesized via ultrasonic approach. Several physiochemical characterizations such as XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, and SEM-EDS investigations were used to investigate the LMO perovskite nanospheres.

Evaluation of low-temperature ultrasonic marination of pork meat at various frequencies on physicochemical properties, myoglobin levels, and volatile compounds.

This study aims to evaluate the pork meat quality after ultrasonic brining at different frequencies, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of ultrasound marination on meat. The texture profile analysis showed that ultrasonic curing at various frequencies significantly improved the textural properties of samples, especially at 26.8 kHz, resulting in a reduction of tenderness, hardness, and chewiness values by 44%, 43%, and 44%, respectively.

Molecular identification and GC-MS analysis of a newly isolated novel bacterium (Lysinibacillus sp. VCRC B655) for mosquito control.

Background: Mosquitoes are widespread globally and have contributed to transmitting pathogens to humans and the burden of vector-borne diseases. They are effectively controlled at their larval stages by biocontrol agents. Unravelling natural sources for microbial agents can lead us to novel potential candidates for managing mosquito-borne diseases.

Optimizing extraction methods by a comprehensive experimental approach and characterizing polyphenol compositions of Ecklonia radiata.

Brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata harbors valuable polyphenols, notably phlorotannins, prized for their health benefits. This study optimized phlorotannin extraction via conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods, utilizing variable concentrations of ethanol. Employing fractional factorial designs, key variables were identified.

Synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight homo- and copolymers via an ultrasonic emulsion process with a fast rate.

In the forefront of advanced materials, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers, renowned for their outstanding mechanical properties, have found extensive applications across various domains. However, their production has encountered a significant challenge: the attainment of UHMW polymers with a low dispersity (Ɖ). Herein, we introduce the pioneering technique of ultrasound (US) initiated polymerization, which has garnered attention for its capability to successfully polymerize a multitude of monomers.

Metal-Phenolic Network-Coated Nanoparticles as Stabilizers for the Engineering of Pickering Emulsions with Bioactivity.

Pickering emulsions stabilized by functional nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention for improving the physical stability and biological function of NPs. Herein, hydrophobic polyphenols were chosen as phenolic ligands to form metal-phenolic network (MPN) coatings on NPs (e.g.

Review on the impacts of external pressure on sonochemistry.

The impact of hydrostatic pressure, commonly known as ambient or external pressure, on the phenomenon of sonochemistry and/or sonoluminescence has been extensively investigated through a multitude of experimental and computational studies, all of which have emphasized the crucial role played by this particular parameter. Numerous previous studies have successfully demonstrated the existence of an optimal static pressure for the occurrence of sonoluminescence and multi-bubble or single-bubble sonochemistry. However, despite these findings, a universally accepted value for this critical pressure has not yet been established.

Thermal and structural characteristics of date-pits as digested by .

The objective of this study was to develop functional date-pits by mold digestion for the potential use in food products. Whole date-pits (WDP) and defatted date-pits (DDP) were digested by mold at 20 °C. consumed date-pits as nutrients for their growth, and DDP showed higher growth of molds as compared to the WDP.

Application of ultrasound treatment in pork marination: Effects on moisture migration and microstructure.

To better understanding the effects of ultrasonic marination on the porcine tissue, the moisture migration and microstructure were investigated in this study. Additionally, the acoustic field distribution was analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. The low-filed NMR results demonstrated that ultrasonic curing induced a leftward shift in T and a rightward shift in T, accompanied by a significant reduction in A, thereby enhancing the water-holding capacity of pork.

Enhanced sunlight-driven catalysis for hydrogen generation and dye remediation using synergistic p-CoO/n-TiO nanocomposites.

In this study, p-CoO/n-TiO nanocomposites were synthesized using different ratios of cobalt and titanium precursors through a hydrothermal method. These nanocomposites demonstrated notable potential in photocatalytic applications for hydrogen production and orange-red dye degradation under sunlight. Various techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, FESEM, TEM, and BET analysis, were used to comprehensively characterize their structural, morphological, and optical properties.

Bubble oscillations at low frequency ultrasound for biological applications.

Bubbles oscillating in the presence of ultrasound is commonly employed in biomedical applications for drug delivery, ultrasound enhanced thrombolysis, and the transport and manipulation of cells. This is possible because bubbles tend to interact with the ultrasound to undergo periodic shape changes known as shape-mode oscillation, concomitant with the generation of liquid agitation or streaming. This phenomenon is examined both experimentally and theoretically on a single bubble at a frequency of (45 ± 1) kHz.

Leveraging new opportunities and advances in high-pressure homogenization to design non-dairy foods.

High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrahigh-pressure homogenization (UHPH) are emerging food processing techniques for stabilizing emulsions and food components under the pressure range from 60 to 400 MPa. Apart from this, they also support increasing nutritional profile, food preservation, and functionality enhancement. Even though the food undergoes the shortest processing operation, the treatment leads to modification of physical, chemical, and techno-functional properties, in addition to the formation of micro-sized particles.

Preparation of bio-synthesized Ag nanoparticles and assessment of their antidiabetic and antioxidant potential against STZ-induced diabetic albino rats.

Bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully obtained using the leaf extract from . Extensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the bioderived AgNPs. XRD analysis confirmed their cubic structure, and revealed a well-defined size distribution with average crystallite size of 11.

Ultrasound-Assisted Encapsulation of Phytochemicals for Food Applications: A Review.

The use of phytochemicals as natural food additives is a topic of interest for both academic and food industry communities. However, many of these substances are sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, encapsulation is usually performed prior to incorporation into food products.

Highly efficient ultrasound-driven Cu-MOF/ZnWO heterostructure: An efficient visible-light photocatalyst with robust stability for complete degradation of tetracycline.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a significant class of porous, crystalline materials composed of metal ions (clusters) and organic ligands. The potential use of copper MOF (Cu-BTC) for the sonophotocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic was investigated in this study. To enhance its catalytic efficiency, S-scheme heterojunction was created by combining Cu-BTC with Zinc tungstate (ZnWO), employing an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method.