A Prospective Study of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index and Hospitalization Due to Adverse Drug Reactions Among People Living with HIV.

: The complexity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in people living with HIV (PLHIV) poses significant challenges for medication management, impacting adherence and overall health outcomes. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) is a tool that quantifies regimen complexity, yet its correlation with hospitalization rates and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in PLHIV remains underexplored. : This prospective study, which was conducted at a government-funded antiretroviral treatment center, investigated the relationships among MRCI scores, hospitalization due to ADRs, and the ADR rates in 285 PLHIV participants over 18 months.

Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenomics for implementation of personalized medicine.

With the aim of integrating clinical pharmacology with pharmacogenomics and providing a platform to gather clinicians, academicians, diagnostic laboratory personnel and scientists from related domains, the International Conference on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics 2023 (ICCPP 2023) was jointly organized by the Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India and the CANSEARCH research platform in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. The conference was held on 31 August and 1 September 2023, as a continued Indo-Swiss scientific exchange event series. In this report we describe the proceedings of this conference for the benefit of peers who could not attend the conference but are interested in knowing about the scientific program in detail.

Knowledge of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals and the impact of an educational intervention.

Aim: To determine the knowledge regarding various aspects of pharmacovigilance among doctors and nurses of a tertiary care teaching hospital and to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The participants attended a one-hour educational session during which the concept of pharmacovigilance, the Pharmacovigilance Program of India, the need for reporting ADRs, and the method of reporting were explained by a subject expert.

The Role of Infrahyoid Flap in Tongue Defect Reconstruction Following Tumour Excision.

Carcinoma tongue is one of the commonest cancer of head and neck in India. Various pedicled and free flaps have been used to reconstruct the tongue defect following glossectomies. In this era of free flaps various loco- regional pedicled flaps have been overlooked and infrahyoid flap is one of them.

Supraglottic Laryngeal Paraganglioma: A Rare Case Report.

Laryngeal paraganglioma is a rare tumor with diagnostic challenge. Many a times it can be confused with laryngeal cancers. CECT and MRI has an important role in its diagnosis.

A Review of the Safety of Interleukin-17A Inhibitor Secukinumab.

Secukinumab is an anti-interleukin (IL)-17A IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Its efficacy is well documented, but the complete safety profile of secukinumab, especially on long-term use, needs to be studied. IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of infections, especially respiratory tract infections and candidiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease; the causal relationships are well described.

Adverse Events following Immunization with COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review.

Numerous COVID-19 vaccines are being administered to people around the world. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccines have been reported by health care workers as well as surveillance bodies. A wealth of information on the efficacy and safety of vaccines exists in the literature, and the knowledge in this sector is growing exponentially.

Antidiabetic effect of bio-enhanced preparation of turmeric in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats.

Background: Poor oral bioavailability of curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, has limited its therapeutic use in various diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective(s): The present study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the antidiabetic activity as well as pharmacokinetic profile of two turmeric extracts.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6) including Normal control (NC), Diabetic control (DC), two standard control groups- Glibenclamide (GLIB) 5 mg/kg and Metformin (MET) 500 mg/kg, two bio-enhanced turmeric extract (BTE) treated groups (BTE-30 (30 mg/kg), BTE-60 (60 mg/kg)) and one regular turmeric extract treated (RTE) group RTE-30 (30 mg/kg).

The Role of Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap in Scalp Defect Reconstruction Following Tumour Excision.

Scalp is a common site for skin tumors mainly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. It is always challenging to reconstruct the scalp defect following tumor excision. Conventional methods of skin grafting or rotation flap is not always feasible for large scalp defect.

Spatiotemporal analysis of drug-resistant TB patients registered in selected districts of Karnataka, South India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) depicts heterogeneous spatial patterns with geographical aggregation of TB cases due to either ongoing person-to-person transmission or reactivation of latent infection in a community sharing risk factor. In this regard, we aimed to assess the spatiotemporal aggregation of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients notified to the national TB program (NTP) from 2015 to 2018 in selected districts of Karnataka, South India.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among DR-TB patients notified from Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and Chikamagalur districts of the state of Karnataka.

Drug-induced Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency: an Unusual Presentation of a Common Clinical Condition.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can present a diagnostic dilemma owing to the varying degrees of disease severity and the wide range of precipitating factors. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure and, during the course of treatment, developed intravascular hemolysis. On investigation, he was found to be G6PD deficient.

Biological tailoring of adjuvant radiotherapy in head and neck and oral malignancies - The potential role of p53 and eIF4E as predictive parameters.

Background: Recent advances in radiation technology has allowed to significantly reduce toxicity and improve the efficacy of radical radiotherapy in head and neck and oral squamous cell cancers. Insights into molecular biology of carcinogenesis has opened a window for identifying aggressive clinical situations that may benefit with larger clinical target volume (CTV ) margin, broader levels of nodal coverage, or alternative radiation sensitizers.

Aim: To evaluate the potential role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (elF4E) and p53 as predictive biomarkers in resected margins of head and neck and oral cancers.

Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Medications Prescribed to Geriatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background And Objectives: The drugs most commonly implicated in major potential interactions are those used in the day-to-day clinical management of elderly patients with chronic diseases. This study is planned to evaluate the profile of drug-drug interactions in the medications prescribed to elderly population and also to identify the possible predictors for potential drug-drug interactions in the elderly.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients aged above 60 years with a minimum of two drugs in the prescriptions.

Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reaction Profile of Drugs Used as First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background And Objectives: The objective was to study the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile in HIV patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study that included 171 HIV patients with a follow-up at six months. Demographic details, medical history, details of HIV infection including most recent CD4 count, details of antiretroviral therapy, and other concomitant medication were recorded.

Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise on Experimentally Induced Anxiety in Healthy Volunteers Using the Simulated Public Speaking Model: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

A randomized controlled pilot study was carried out to determine the effect of a 15-minute practice of ANB exercise on experimentally induced anxiety using the simulated public speaking model in yoga-naïve healthy young adults. Thirty consenting medical students were equally divided into test and control groups. The test group performed alternate nostril breathing exercise for 15 minutes, while the control group sat in a quiet room before participating in the simulated public speaking test (SPST).

Evaluation of polypharmacy and appropriateness of prescription in geriatric patients: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: To assess the polypharmacy and appropriateness of prescriptions in geriatric patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: An observational study was done in geriatric patients (>60 years) of either gender. The data collected from patients included: Socio-demographic data such as age, gender, marital status, educational status, socioeconomic status, occupation, nutritional status, history of alcohol/smoking, exercise history, details of comorbid diseases, medication history, findings of clinical examination etc.

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Positive Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in a Teaching Hospital, India: Prospective Study.

Oral manifestations in HIV infections are numerous and some of these are acknowledged as being of great importance in the early diagnosis of the disease. Many HIV-associated oral infections occur early in HIV disease, not infrequently as the presenting sign or symptom. Thus, early detection of the associated oral opportunistic infections should, in many cases, result in earlier diagnosis of HIV infection.

Clinicopathological Profile and Outcomes of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Head and Neck Region - A Study of 10 Cases with Literature Review.

Introduction: Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcomas (FDCS) are rare disorders of the lymph node and soft tissues. Accurate characterization of these neoplasms is important in planning optimal treatment given its potential for recurrence and metastasis.

Aim: To analyse the clinicopathological profile and outcomes of a series of 10 cases of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma arising in the head and neck region diagnosed at our regional cancer centre.

Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Incidence After PMMC Patch Pharnygoplasty for Post Laryngectomy Defect Reconstruction - Predictive Factors, Our Experience at KMIO.

To analyse pharyngocutaneous fistula, post Pectoralis major myocutaneous patch pharnygoplasty, and its association with various tumor, patient and treatment related factors. It is a retrospective study that included 48 patients who underwent laryngectomy and PMMC patch pharyngeal reconstruction from year 2009 to 2013. We studied the previously reported factors that could influence fistula formation such as age, gender, previous radiotherapy, previous tracheostomy, location of tumor, extent of tumor, tumor volume, tumor stage and surgical margins.

PMMC Patch Pharyngoplasty Reconstruction After Laryngectomy: Our Experience at a Regional Cancer Institute.

To evaluate our results of post laryngectomy pharyngeal defect reconstruction by pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap. Retrospective analysis of 48 patients who underwent laryngectomy and PMMC patch pharyngeal reconstruction from year 2009 to 2013 was done. Patient and tumor characteristics were noted, CT scan and histopathology reports were reviewed.