Hypomethylation of Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Patients of Alcohol Use Disorder with Cirrhosis.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cirrhosis are key outcomes of excessive alcohol use, and a genetic influence in these outcomes is increasingly recognized. While 80-90% of heavy alcohol users show evidence of fatty liver, only 10-20% progress to cirrhosis. There is currently no clear understanding of the causes of this difference in progression.

Prenatal epigenetic factors are predisposing for neurodevelopmental disorders-Considering placenta as a model.

The heterogeneous characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have resulted in varied perspectives on their causation. The biology behind the phenotypic heterogeneity in NDDs is not yet well-defined, but a strong genetic basis has become well accepted as causal for NDDs. Alongside this, there is growing focus on epigenetic mechanisms.

Clinicians' Perspectives on Diagnostic Markers for Depression Among Adolescents in India: An Embedded Mixed-Methods Study.

Limited research has investigated whether clinicians around the world find diagnostic criteria for depression that were originally developed in the West are useful with diverse populations. Using an embedded mixed-methods design in India, we examined (a) clinicians' and trainees' (n = 143) ratings of the usefulness of the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) outlined in two major diagnostic systems (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5; DSM-5 and International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders-Tenth Edition; ICD-10), and (b) narrative descriptions of clinical cases of adolescent depression and usefulness of diagnostic and screening instruments in day-to-day practice using semi-structured interviews in a subsample of clinicians (n = 24). Qualitative findings demonstrated that Indian clinicians identified markers of depression that were consistent with the current diagnostic manuals (affective, cognitive, somatic symptoms), and the numeric ratings suggested that clinicians found a majority of DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria for MDD to be useful.