Optimized batch cultivation and scale-up of Bacillus thuringiensis for high-yield production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate).

Addition of statistically optimized concentration of electron acceptor, propionic acid (1.2 g/L) at different cultivation times (0 h, 14.86 h and 19 h) during batch cultivation of B.

Synthesis of Cu (II) and Zn (II) Complexes of a Quinoline Based Flexible Amide Receptor as Fluorescent Probe for Dihydrogen Phosphate and Hydrogen Sulphate and Their Antibacterial Activity.

A novel 8-hydroxy quinoline-derived amide receptor, in conjunction with its Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes, has been strategically developed to function as remarkably efficient fluorescent receptors with a distinct capability for anion sensing. The comprehensive characterization of the synthesized compounds were achieved through UV-Vis, IR, NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. Among the Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes, the latter exhibits superior selectivity for anions, specifically dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen sulfate, as their tetrabutylammonium salts in a 9:1 acetonitrile-water (v/v) mixture.

Sirtuin1 inhibitor attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of Giα proteins and nitroxidative stress.

Background: We recently showed that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit overexpression of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) that contributes to the enhanced expression of Giα proteins implicated in the development of hypertension in SHR.

Method: The present study investigated if the inhibition of Sirt1 could also ameliorate hypertension in SHR and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. For this study, a selective inhibitor of Sirt1, EX-527 (5 mg/kg of body weight), was injected intraperitoneally into 8-week-old SHR and age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats twice per week for 3 weeks.

Sirtuin1 contributes to the overexpression of Giα proteins and hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Background: We earlier demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit the overexpression of Giα proteins and hyperproliferation that is attributed to the enhanced levels of endogenous angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, the implication of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) a histone deacetylase class III family in Ang II-induced hypertension has also been shown. We recently demonstrated that Ang II increased the expression of Sirt1 in aortic VSMC that contributed to the overexpression of Giα proteins.

Bio-synthesized Cu-ZnO hetro-nanostructure for catalytic degradation of organophosphate chlorpyrifos under solar illumination.

In present study, a simple, effective and rapid green method using leaf extract of Melia azedarach was explored for the synthesis of Cu-ZnO nano heterojunction particles. The leaf extract of Melia azedarach acts as a reducing agent and prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Different standard analytical techniques were used to study the morphology and size of synthesized nanocomposite.

Angiotensin II-induced histone deacetylase 5 phosphorylation, nuclear export, and Egr-1 expression are mediated by Akt pathway in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) regulates an array of physiological and pathological responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by activating ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. We have demonstrated that ANG II and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induce the expression of early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor, which regulates the transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes network in VSMCs. We have reported that IGF-1 induces the phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), which has been implicated in the expression of genes linked to VSMC growth and hypertrophy, via a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway in VSMCs.

Role of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in angiotensin II-induced responses in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Cyclic AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the transcription of several genes containing the CRE sites on their promoters. CREB is activated by phosphorylation on a key serine residue, Ser311, in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including angiotensin II (Ang II). Ang II is an important vasoactive peptide and mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that in addition to regulating the contractile response in VSMC also plays an important role in phenotypic switch of VSMC from contractile to a synthetic state.

Inequality and the future of healthcare.

To protect our masses, primary care institutes were developed in many countries, all over the globe. In the previous era, labour was valuable to produce crops and protect native countries from enemies as no substitute for raw labour was available to do these jobs. The scenario has changed after the era of automation.

Involvement of the Akt-dependent CREB signaling pathway in hydrogen-peroxide-induced early growth response protein-1 expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells .

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species is believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Excessive growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been suggested to be major contributors to vascular dysfunction. Potential involvement of early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor, in the development of vascular diseases has been suggested.

Protein kinase B/AKT mediates insulin-like growth factor 1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 via NADPH oxidase 4 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of growth promoting signaling pathways. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by deacetylating lysine residues in histone and nonhistone proteins and a heightened HDAC activation, notably of HDAC5, is associated with vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Although the contribution of IGF-1 in these pathologies is well documented, its role in HDAC phosphorylation and activation remains unexplored.

Production of biopesticide azadirachtin using plant cell and hairy root cultures.

The extensive use of nondegradable chemical pesticides for pest management has developed serious environmental hazards. This has necessitated the urgent need to switch over to an alternative mode of biopesticide development for mass agriculture and field crop protection. (commonly known as neem) houses a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites with azadirachtin being the most active constituent explored in the sector of ecofriendly and biodegradable biopesticides characterized by low toxicity toward nontarget organisms.

cAMP attenuates angiotensin-II-induced Egr-1 expression via PKA-dependent signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.

cAMP has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and exerts a vasculoprotective effect. An upregulation of the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) expression has been linked with the development of atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia. We have recently demonstrated that angiotensin-II (Ang-II) stimulates Egr-1 expression via Ca/ERK-mediated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation.

Model-Based Nutrient Feeding Strategies for the Increased Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Alcaligenes latus.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers which are considered as an effective alternative for conventional plastics due to their mechanical properties similar to the latter. However, the widespread use of these polymers is still hampered due to their higher cost of production as compared to plastics. The production cost could be overcome by obtaining high yields and productivity.

STIM-1 and ORAI-1 channel mediate angiotensin-II-induced expression of Egr-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells.

An upregulation of Egr-1 expression has been reported in models of atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia and, various vasoactive peptides and growth promoting stimuli have been shown to induce the expression of Egr-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) is a key vasoactive peptide that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ang-II elevates intracellular Ca through activation of the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) involving an inositol-3-phosphate receptor (IP3R)-coupled depletion of endoplasmic reticular Ca and a subsequent activation of the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM-1)/Orai-1 complex.

Src tyrosine kinase mediates endothelin-1-induced early growth response protein-1 expression via MAP kinase-dependent pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells.

We have previously demonstrated that the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase (NR-PTK) c-Src is an upstream regulator of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II-induced activation of protein kinase B (PKB) signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have also demonstrated that ET-1 potently induces the expression of the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor that is overexpressed in models of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. However, the involvement of c-Src in ET-1‑induced Egr-1 expression has not yet been investigated and its role in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling remains controversial.

Artemisinin production by plant hairy root cultures in gas- and liquid-phase bioreactors.

Alternative biotechnological protocol for large-scale artemisinin production was established. It featured enhanced growth and artemisinin production by cultivation of hairy roots in nutrient mist bioreactor (NMB) coupled with novel cultivation strategies. Artemisinin is used for the treatment of cerebral malaria.

Use of Model-Based Nutrient Feeding for Improved Production of Artemisinin by Hairy Roots of Artemisia Annua in a Modified Stirred Tank Bioreactor.

Artemisinin has been indicated to be a potent drug for the cure of malaria. Batch growth and artemisinin production kinetics of hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua were studied under shake flask conditions which resulted in accumulation of 12.49 g/L biomass and 0.

Early Growth Response Protein-1 Expression by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Requires ROS-Dependent Activation of ERK1/2 and PKB Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of several genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a potent mitogen, is believed to contribute to the development of CVD through the hyperactivation of mitogenic and growth promoting pathways, including the MAPK and PKB pathways, as well as regulation of multiple transcription factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to mediate the effects of IGF-1 and are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities.

Involvement of the early growth response protein 1 in vascular pathophysiology: an overview.

Hyperactivation of proliferative and growth promoting pathways underlies the progression of vessel remodeling, leading to vascular dysfunction. An upregulation of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor has been observed in several models of vascular diseases. In the vasculature, Egr-1 expression can be induced by multiple hormonal, metabolic and external stimuli, such as growth factors, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, hyperglycaemia and stretch-induced stress.

Enhanced production of artemisinin by hairy root cultivation of Artemisia annua in a modified stirred tank reactor.

Artemisinin is an important drug commonly used in the treatment of malaria as a combination therapy. It is primarily produced by a plant Artemisia annua, however, its supply from plant is significantly lower than its huge demand and therefore alternative in vitro production routes are sought. Hairy root cultivation could be one such alternative production protocol.

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase- II in vasoactive peptide- induced responses and vascular biology.

Vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II and endothelin-1 as well as growth factors regulate vascular homeostasis through signaling pathways that are triggered in both normal and disease states. These vasoactive peptides and growth factors also increase the cellular levels of calcium which, through calcium binding effector systems initiating the downstream signaling and physiological responses in target cells. A multifunctional calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as an important transducer of vasoactive peptide-induced responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).

ET-1-induced growth promoting responses involving ERK1/2 and PKB signaling and Egr-1 expression are mediated by Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase-II in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide with a pathogenic role in vascular diseases, has been shown to induce the activation of ERK1/2, PKB and the expression of a transcriptional regulator, the early growth response 1 (Egr-1), key mediators of hypertrophic and proliferative responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We have demonstrated earlier that ET-1 requires H2O2 generation to activate these signaling pathways and Ca2+, calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), play a critical role to trigger H2O2-induced effects in VSMC. However, an involvement of CaMKII in mediating ET-1-induced responses in VSMC remains unknown.

Production of the biopesticide azadirachtin by hairy root cultivation of Azadirachta indica in liquid-phase bioreactors.

Batch cultivation of Azadirachta indica hairy roots was carried out in different liquid-phase bioreactor configurations (stirred-tank, bubble column, bubble column with polypropylene basket, and polyurethane foam disc as root supports) to investigate possible scale-up of the A. indica hairy root culture for in vitro production of the biopesticide azadirachtin. The hairy roots failed to grow in the conventional bioreactor designs (stirred tank and bubble column).