Novel Interacting Partners of MGP-40, a Chitinase-Like Protein in Buffalo Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Mammary Gland Protein-40 (MGP-40), also known as chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), is involved in critical biological processes such as inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cell proliferation, especially during the involution phase of the mammary gland. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of MGP-40 by identifying its novel interacting partners in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). Stable overexpression of MGP-40 in BuMECs was achieved through transfection with the pCIneo-MGP-40 vector, followed by G418 selection and confirmation by Western blot analysis.

Mapping the proteome landscape of Indian Zebu (Sahiwal) spermatozoa using high-resolution mass spectrometry and annotation.

Proteomic analysis of sperm cells offers significant insights into proteins' structural, functional, and localization aspects within biological systems. Sahiwal, a native Indian cattle breed, is well known for its disease resistance, calving ease, and resilience to drought. This study addressed the gap in Sahiwal's comprehensive sperm proteome profiling data.

Optimizing workflow efficiency for analyzing low molecular weight endogenous peptides in colostrum.

Bovine milk and colostrum play pivotal roles in the nutritional support of both human and bovine infants. Colostrum, the initial milk secretion, is crucial for neonatal growth, providing essential nutrients, growth factors, immunity, and defense mechanisms through a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including bioactive proteins and peptides. Peptidomics, leveraging the potential health benefits of peptides derived from food and body fluids, has become prominent in contemporary research.

Effect of bovine beta-casomorphins on rat pancreatic beta cells (RIN-5F) under glucotoxic stress.

Beta-casomorphins (BCMs) are the bio-active peptides having opioid properties which are formed by the proteolytic digestion of β-caseins in milk. BCM-7 forms when A1 milk is digested in the small intestine due to a histidine at the 67th position in β-casein, unlike A2 milk, which has proline at this position and produces BCM-9. BCM-7 has further degraded into BCM-5 by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme in the intestine.

Mitigation of acrylamide in fried food systems using a combination of zein-pectin hydrocolloid complex and a food-grade l-asparaginase.

Acrylamide, a Maillard reaction product, formed in fried food poses a serious concern to food safety due to its neurotoxic and carcinogenic nature. A "Green Approach" using L-Asparaginase enzyme from GRAS-status bacteria synergized with hydrocolloid protective coating could be effective in inhibiting acrylamide formation. To fill this void, the present study reports a new variant of type-II L-asparaginase (AsnLb) from Levilactobacillus brevis NKN55, a food-grade bacterium isolated using a unique metabolite profiling approach.

Exploring aptamers for targeted enrichment of X sperm in bovine: unraveling selective potential.

Nucleic acid aptamers have been used in the past for the development of diagnostic methods against a number of targets such as bacteria, pesticides, cancer cells etc. In the present study, six rounds of Cell-SELEX were performed on a ssDNA aptamer library against X-enriched sperm cells from Sahiwal breed cattle. Sequencing was used to examine the aptamer sequences that shown affinity for sperm carrying the X chromosome in order to find any possible X-sperm-specific sequences.

Peptidome Profiling of Urine and Assessment of Its Antimicrobial Activity against Mastitis-Causing Pathogens.

Urinary proteins have been studied quite exhaustively in the past, however, the small sized peptides have remained neglected for a long time in dairy cattle. These peptides are the products of systemic protein turnover, which are excreted out of the body and hence can serve as an important biomarker for various pathophysiologies. These peptides in other species of bovine have been reported to possess several bioactive properties.

Simple method for isolation and culture of primary buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) endometrial epithelial cells (pBuEECs) and its characterization using high throughput proteomics approach.

Early embryonic mortality resulting from insufficient interaction between the embryo and the uterus leads to the failure of pregnancy in livestock animals. Thus, it is imperative to comprehend the multifaceted process of implantation at molecular levels, which requires synchronized feto-maternal interaction. The in-vitro models serve as valuable tools to investigate the specific stages of implantation.

Proteomic Approaches to Unravel the Molecular Dynamics of Early Pregnancy in Farm Animals: An In-Depth Review.

Infertility is a major problem in farm animals, which has a negative economic effect on farm industries. Infertility can be defined as the inability of animals to achieve a successful pregnancy. Early pregnancy is crucial to establish a successful pregnancy, and it is reported that 70-80% and 20-30% of total embryonic loss occur in cattle and pigs, respectively, during the first month of pregnancy.

Molecular complexity of mammary glands development: a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells.

The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli.

CRISPR-Cas9 based knockout of S100A8 in mammary epithelial cells enhances cell proliferation and triggers oncogenic transformation via the PI3K-Akt pathway: Insights from a deep proteomic analysis.

S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein with multiple functions, including being a chemoattractant for phagocytes and playing a key role in the inflammatory response. Its expression has been shown to influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in colorectal cancer. However, the role of S100A8 in cell proliferation and differentiation remains unknown.

Host-microbe interaction and pathogen exclusion mediated by an aggregation-prone surface layer protein of Lactobacillus helveticus.

Probiotic surface layer proteins (Slps) have multiple functions and bacterial adhesion to host cells is one of them. The precise role of Slps in cellular adhesion is not well understood due to its low native protein yield and self-aggregative nature. Here, we report the recombinant expression and purification of biologically active Slp of Lactobacillus helveticus NCDC 288 (SlpH) in high yield.

Identification of stably expressed Internal Control Genes (ICGs) for normalization of expression data in liver of C57BL/6 mice injected with beta casomorphins.

In recent years, beta-casomorphin peptides (BCM7/BCM9) derived from the digestion of cow milk have drawn a lot of attention world over because of their proposed impact on human health. In order to evaluate the transcriptional modulation of target genes through RT-qPCR in response to these peptides, availability of appropriate reference or internal control genes (ICGs) will be the key. The present study was planned to identify a panel of stable ICGs in the liver tissue of C57BL/6 mice injected with BCM7/BCM9 cow milk peptides for 3 weeks.

Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated lumpy skin disease vaccine in India.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was reported for the first time in India in 2019 and since then, it has become endemic. Since a homologous (LSD-virus based) vaccine was not available in the country, goatpox virus (GPV)-based heterologous vaccine was authorized for mass immunization to induce protection against LSD in cattle. This study describes the evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated LSD vaccine developed by using an Indian field strain, isolated in 2019 from cattle.

Identification of bioactive components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by peptide and metabolite profiling.

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome.

Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals.

Critical Review on Physiological and Molecular Features during Bovine Mammary Gland Development: Recent Advances.

The mammary gland is a unique organ with the ability to undergo repeated cyclic changes throughout the life of mammals. Among domesticated livestock species, ruminants (cattle and buffalo) constitute a distinct class of livestock species that are known milk producers. Cattle and buffalo contribute to 51 and 13% of the total milk supply in the world, respectively.

Curcumin induces thermotolerance by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in buffalo mammary epithelial cells under heat shock conditions.

The epithelial cell is the main basic unit of the udder in which milk synthesis takes place. Curcumin is well known for its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti- inflammatory properties. The present study was performed to test whether in vitro curcumin supplementation can alleviate the unfavorable impact of hyperthermia on buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs).

Comparative Proteome Profiling of Saliva Between Estrus and Non-Estrus Stages by Employing Label-Free Quantitation (LFQ) and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-LC-MS/MS Analysis: An Approach for Estrus Biomarker Identification in .

Accurate determination of estrus is essentially required for efficient reproduction management of farm animals. Buffalo is a shy breeder and does not manifest overt signs of estrus that make estrus detection difficult resulting in a poor conception rate. Therefore, identifying estrus biomarkers in easily accessible biofluid such as saliva is of utmost interest.

Non-SELEX method for aptamer selection against β-casomorphin-7 peptide.

The non-systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential enrichment (non-SELEX) method was used in the present study for the selection of β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7)-specific aptamers. These aptamers were tested to evaluate their ability to detect BCM-7 peptide in the human urine sample. The method did not employ aptamer amplification and counterselection as used in conventional SELEX but included a negative round of selection.

Investigation of interspecies crosstalk between probiotic Bacillus subtilis BR4 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using metabolomics analysis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes high mortality in cystic fibrosis patients. Treatment failures often occur due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Inhibition of virulence factors production without suppressing the growth of the pathogens is a potential alternative strategy to control the antibiotic resistance.

Bacillus subtilis BR4 derived stigmatellin Y interferes Pqs-PqsR mediated quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cell-to-cell communication is essentially required in bacteria for the production of multiple virulence factors and successful colonization in the host. Targeting the virulence factors production without hampering the growth of the pathogens is a potential strategy to control pathogenesis. To accomplish this, a total of 43 mangrove isolates were screened for quorum quenching (QQ) activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), in which eight bacteria have shown antibiofilm activity without hampering the growth of the PA.

Production of biologically active recombinant buffalo leukemia inhibitory factor (BuLIF) in Escherichia Coli.

Background: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine which plays multiple roles in different biological processes such as implantation, bone remodeling, and hematopoiesis. The buESCs are difficult to culture due to lack of proper understanding of the culture conditions. LIF is one of the important factors which maintain the pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and commercial LIF from murine and human origin is used in the establishment of buffalo embryonic stem cells (buESCs).

Role of Natural Killer Cells during Pregnancy and Related Complications.

A high number of leucocytes reside in the human endometrium and are distributed differentially during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During early pregnancy, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the most common type of natural killer (NK) cells in the uterus. The increase in the number of uterine NK (uNK) cells during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, followed by further increase of dNK cells in early pregnancy, has heightened interest in their involvement during pregnancy.

Aptamers based sensing of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) of bovine for early pregnancy detection.

Tosyl activated magnetic beads were used for aptamer selection against PAG- 7 and 18 proteins of bovine origin. PAG proteins were immobilized on beads with further addition of biotin tagged aptamer library. The recognition of aptamers with PAG was identified by ST-HRP based approach which was colorimetric in nature.

Recombinant expression and molecular characterization of buffalo sperm lysozyme-like protein 1.

Several sperm lysozyme-like genes evolved from lysozyme by successive duplications and mutations; however their functional role in the reproduction of farm animals is not well understood. To understand the function and molecular properties of buffalo sperm lysozyme-like protein 1 (buSLLP1), it was expressed in E. coli; however, it partitioned to inclusion bodies.