TMAO enhances TNF-α mediated fibrosis and release of inflammatory mediators from renal fibroblasts.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite and TNF-α is proinflammatory cytokine, both known to be associated with renal inflammation, fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. However, today there are no data showing the combined effect of TMAO and TNF-α on renal fibrosis-and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TMAO can enhance the inflammatory and fibrotic effects of TNF-α on renal fibroblasts.

Pectointercostal Fascial Block (PIFB) as a Novel Technique for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of pectointercostal fascial block in relieving postoperative pain in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Design: Single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Single-center tertiary care teaching hospital.

Delirium after cardiac surgery: A pilot study from a single tertiary referral center.

Background: Advances in cardiac surgery has shifted paradigm of management to perioperative psychological illnesses. Delirium is a state of altered consciousness with easy distraction of thoughts. The pathophysiology of this complication is not clear, but identification of risk factors is important for positive postoperative outcomes.

Protective effect of Punica granatum peel and Vitis vinifera seeds on DEN-induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage in rats.

This study was designed to find out the efficacy of ethanol extracts of Punica granatum peel and Vitis vinifera seeds on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group served as normal control, and the second group received DEN at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight by single intraperitoneal administration.

Fanconi syndrome following honeybee stings.

A 32-year-old gentleman was attacked by honey bees about 8 months and immediately afterwards his eyelids, cheeks and pinnae became swollen, red, and tender. However, the patient did not develop any renal or serum sickness symptoms and his physical examination and laboratory investigations were normal. He recovered completely.

Repair of aortoesophageal fistula due to a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the descending thoracic aorta and literature review.

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer rupturing into the esophagus is rare and the resulting aortoesophageal fistula carries a high mortality. In view of the emergency nature of the entity and complexity of the procedure management of such a condition is not standardized. The immediate concern is to save the patient from life threatening exsanguinations.