Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Connotations, Especially a Focus on Concomitant Atopic Undertones in Immunocompromised/Susceptible Genetic and Metabolic Disorders.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an intriguing clinical entity. Its clinical connotations are varied, the updates of which are required to be done periodically. An attempt to bring its various facets have been made highlighting its clinical features keeping in view the major and the minor criteria to facilitate the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, and associated dermatoses.

Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional (Descriptive) Study of 100 Cases.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a distinct age-related clinical entity. Its etiopathogenesis is largely insubstantial. Nevertheless, it seems to be an outcome of interplay of maternal and inheritance, pregnancy/intrauterine and environmental factors.

Atopic Dermatitis; Etio-Pathogenesis, An Overview.

Atopic dermatitis is a well-recognized clinical entity, several facets of which continue to be mystified. Accordingly, its etio-pathogenesis is largely elusive. It appears to be an outcome of interplay of several undertones, namely: genetics, maternal factor and inheritance, pregnancy/intrauterine, environmental factors, immune dysregulation, immuno-globulins, role of diet, and infection.

Androgenic alopecia in women: an Indian perspective.

The authors sought to investigate androgenic alopecia (AA) utilizing clinical and investigative procedures to establish the pattern of AA in the Indian subcontinent. A total of 35 consecutive women presenting with AA were included. After obtaining informed consent, a detailed history/examination, hair pull test, trichogram, and a scalp biopsy were performed in patients.

Hair biology and its comprehensive sequence in female pattern baldness: clinical connotation diagnosis and differential diagnosis--Part II.

Hair can become a source of concern when there is a change in its texture, number, and thinning. Although female pattern baldness is common, it has received little attention compared with male pattern baldness. Thinning that affects the vertex is insidious and progressive.

Hair biology and its comprehensive sequence in female pattern baldness: diagnosis and treatment modalities--Part I.

Hair may be a source of concern for patients when there is a change in its texture, amount, or thickness. It can present in women as androgenic alopecia also called female pattern baldness, and in men as adrogenic alopecia, also called male pattern baldness. Thinning/rarefaction affecting the vertex is a progressive condition, and hair loss in women has been interpreted and classified differently from that in men.

Noninsulin-dependent, type II diabetes mellitus-related dermatoses: part II.

Cutaneous complications of noninsulin-dependent, type II diabetes mellitus are reviewed, including diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic bullae (bullosis diabeticorum), certain acquired perforating dermatoses, diabetic thick skin, scleredema adultorum, Dupuytren's contractures, certain xanthomas, carotenoderma, rubeosis faciei, and acanthosis nigricans.

Melasma: treatment strategy.

Melasma, a hypermelanosis of the face, is a common skin problem of middle-aged women of all racial groups, especially with dark complexion. Its precise etio-pathogenesis is evasive, genetic influences, exposure to sunlight, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, estrogen-progesterone therapies, thyroid dysfunction, cosmetics, and drugs have been proposed. Centro-facial, malar, and mandibular are well-recognized.

Noninsulin-dependent, type II diabetes mellitus-related dermatoses: part I.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health problem. It manifests as either insulin-dependent or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is associated with several dermatoses, which need to be addressed individually.

Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau: evolution of treatment options.

Ever since its inception, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, has been recognized as an uncommon clinical entity which has been sparingly reported from across the globe. The attempt to have cumulative information on prevalent nomenclature, definition, reminiscences, and clinical overtures has brought differential diagnosis and diagnosis in sharp focus, the highlights of which are outlined. Hence, it was considered important to review the evolution of treatment options available thus far including use of biologics.

Nail biology, morphologic changes, and clinical ramifications: part II.

Nail changes in children have been reviewed in the backdrop of nail biology. The authors review nail changes caused by a variety of cosmetics and ingestion of drugs. Nail biopsy and its significance in the diagnosis is emphasized.

Nail biology, morphologic changes, and clinical ramifications: part I.

The nail, a well-recognized and fascinating appendage of the skin, represents an invaluable clinical means to facilitate the diagnosis of a number of dermatoses; hence, the authors considered it worthwhile to examine the physiopathologic alterations affecting the nail morphology, including shape, attachment, surface, and color. The accurate definitions of nail abnormalities in various cutaneous disorders have been delineated and their clinical ramifications have been recounted.

Hand dermatitis/eczema: current management strategy.

Ever since its inception a couple of centuries ago, hand dermatitis/eczema has been in the reckoning. Idiosyncrasies continued to loom large thereafter, till it acquired its appropriate position. Dermatitis/eczema are synonymous, often used to indicate a polymorphic pattern of the inflammation of the skin, characterized by pruritus, erythema and vesiculation.

Plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1.

Plexiform neurofibroma developing in neurofibromatosis type 1 is a fascinating overture whereby diagnosis is primarily based on clinical characteristics, the details of which are outlined. Nonetheless, it is imperative to establish a clear-cut clinical status vis-á-vis the adjoining tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide an additional supplement to the diagnosis and an aid to further management of the condition.

Psoriasiform dermatoses.

Psoriasiform reaction pattern is a commonly encountered denominator in a wide variety of unrelated disorders. It may be a reaction to either the internal or the external environmental, allergic, infective, parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral and/or malignant stimuli. The degree of evolution of such a pattern and its significance vary according to the dermatosis.

Parapsoriasis: a complex issue.

Parapsoriasis is a peculiar reaction pattern of the skin that appears to have a spectrum with small plaque parapsoriasis at one end and large plaque at the other. The spectrum between is bridged by pityriasis lichenoides, pityriasis lichenoides chronica, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, and lymphomatoid papulosis. The highlights of the clinical pattern of these diseases has been succinctly elucidated here to facilitate their recognition in day-to-day dermatologic practice.

Solitary plexiform neurofibroma(s): role of magnetic resonance imaging.

A 10-year-old boy presented with a painless progressive swelling on the nape of the neck of 8 years' duration. When the child was 1 year old, the swelling appeared as a minute raised skin eruption the size of a pearl at the back of the neck. It was painless and progressive, continuing to increase in size until it reached the size of a walnut.

Onychomycosis: a 3-year clinicomycologic hospital-based study.

Background: Despite onychomycosis being an established entity, only a few studies are available from the Indian subcontinent. The authors investigated the comprehensive pattern of the condition.

Aim: To investigate the epidemiologic, clinical, and mycologic factors associated with onychomycosis in 50 patients using a prospective study design.

Male pattern androgenetic alopecia.

Androgenic alopecia is a common physiologic disorder that is induced by androgens in genetically predisposed persons. It is described by dermatologists as a disorder of perception. Its original classification in men was made by Hamilton in 1951 and modified by Norwood in 1975.

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei part II: an overview.

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, a chronic inflammatory disorder, is a controversial and enigmatic diagnostic/therapeutic entity. Multiple, discrete, smooth 1-3 mm brown/red or brown-to-yellowish dome-shaped papules (sometimes with mild scaling) are its clinical characteristics. The lesions are usually located on the central and lateral side of the face.