High rates of respiratory illnesses upon arrival: lessons from Team USA at the Santiago 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games.

Objective: To describe the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses among Team USA athletes competing at the Santiago 2023 Pan American Games (PAG) and Parapan American Games (PPAG), with a particular focus on the incidence of respiratory illnesses and on injuries for sports new to the Olympic and Paralympic programmes.

Methods: Illnesses and injuries occurring among the 870 Team USA athletes competing in the Santiago 2023 PAG or PPAG were documented within Team USA's Injury and Illness Surveillance system. Illness and injury incidence per 1000 athlete-days (ADs) and incidence ratios (IR) were calculated, both with 95% CIs.

Development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for team USA.

Background: The purpose of this report is to provide insight and details regarding the development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance (IIS) system for the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC).

Methods: The development and deployment of the IIS employed a multiphase approach. First, researchers determined variables to include in the IIS using the recommendations from the 2020 IOC consensus statement for reporting sport epidemiological data.

Psychological Readiness, Injury-Related Fear, and Persistent Knee Symptoms After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Context: Poor psychological responses after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been associated with a failure to return to sport and increased secondary injury risk. However, we do not know whether poor psychological responses after ACLR influence patient-reported knee function and knee symptoms.

Objective: To examine the association between psychological factors (ie, psychological readiness and injury-related fear) and the presence of persistent knee symptoms in individuals 6 to 12 months after ACLR.

Lower Extremity Reaction Time in Individuals With Contact Versus Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries After Reconstruction.

Context: Deficits in perceptual-motor function, like visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), are risk factors for primary and secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Noncontact ACL injuries have been associated with slower reaction time, but whether this association exists for patients with contact ACL injuries is unknown. Exploring differences in VMRT among individuals with contact versus noncontact ACL injuries may provide a more comprehensive understanding of modifiable risk factors.

Kinesiophobia Is Associated with Peak Knee Abduction Angle during Jump Landing after ACL Reconstruction.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the associations between kinesiophobia, knee abduction angle (KAA) during the first 100 ms of landing, and knee flexion excursion (KFE) in individuals 5-12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We hypothesized that greater kinesiophobia would be associated with greater peak KAA and lesser KFE during landing on the ACLR limb, but not on the contralateral limb.

Methods: Thirty-six participants between 14 and 35 yr old (females = 19, age = 19.

Age-, Sex-, and Graft-Specific Reference Values From 783 Adolescent Patients at 5 to 7 Months After ACL Reconstruction: IKDC, Pedi-IKDC, KOOS, ACL-RSI, Single-Leg Hop, and Thigh Strength.

To describe age-, sex-, and graft source-specific reference values for patient-reported, physical function, and strength outcome measures in adolescents at 5 to 7 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected at 3 universities and 2 children's hospitals.

Validation of a Survey to Characterize Barriers to Physical Activity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Context: Although 84% of patients expected to return to activity within 1 year of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), as few as 24% will return to their preinjury level of activity. By considering a patient's perceptions of reengagement in activity after ACLR, clinicians and researchers may be better equipped to implement interventions that are patient centered.

Objective: To describe the validation of the ACL Reasons survey, a tool to aid clinicians and researchers in understanding patient perceptions of barriers to physical activity (PA) engagement after ACLR.

Quadriceps Strength and Knee-Related Symptom State 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Context: Isometric quadriceps strength metrics and patient-reported outcomes are commonly used in return-to-sport assessments in those with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Patients may experience clinical knee-related symptoms aggravating enough to seek additional medical care after ACLR. In addition to seeking additional medical care, these patient-reported clinical knee-related symptoms may also influence function after ACLR.

Adolescents Are Less Physically Active Than Adults After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Sources of physical activity (PA) and motivation for return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) differ between adolescents and adults. It is unclear whether these differences influence participation in PA during the first year after ACLR when individuals are transitioning from rehabilitative care to unrestricted activity.

Purpose: To compare device-assessed measures of PA between adolescents and adults at 6 to 12 months after ACLR.

Physical Activity Engagement Worsens Health Outcomes and Limits Exercise Capacity in Growth-restricted Mice.

Introduction: A total of 161 million children a year are growth restricted, leading to a 47% increased risk of chronic disease in adulthood. Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of mortality from chronic disease. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of a PA intervention (wheel running) on cardiac and skeletal muscle capacities in gestational (GUN) and postnatal (PUN) growth-restricted mice as compared with nonrestricted controls (CON).

Characterizing body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity in women with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objectives: The purpose was to compare body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity (PA) engagement between women with ACLR and healthy controls.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University laboratory.

A Comparison of Psychological Readiness and Patient-Reported Function Between Sexes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Context: Postoperative functional and return-to-sport outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) differ by sex. However, whether sex disparities are observed in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) before return to sport after ACLR is unclear.

Objectives: To compare common PROMs between young men and women who had not yet returned to sport after ACLR.

Quadriceps Muscle Size Following ACL Injury and Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Image-based assessments of quadriceps muscle size facilitate examination of structural changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction (ACLR). Understanding the effects of ACLR on muscle size measures may aid in clarifying the contribution of quadriceps atrophy toward quadriceps strength. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature examining the effects of ACLR on quadriceps muscle volume and cross-sectional area (CSA).

Early life undernutrition reduces maximum treadmill running capacity in adulthood in mice.

Undernutrition during early life causes chronic disease with specific impairments to the heart and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of early life undernutrition on adult exercise capacity as a result of cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Pups were undernourished during gestation (GUN) or lactation (PUN) using a cross-fostering nutritive mouse model.

Sex differences in quadriceps rate of torque development within 1 year of ACL reconstruction.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of sex on measures of quadriceps strength, rate of torque development, and knee function during the first year following ACLR.

Design: Cross-sectional; SETTING: University community; PARTICIPANTS: Sixty individuals (29 men) with unilateral ACLR in the last 12 months.

Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed bilateral knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC, Nm/kg) strength assessments.

Changes in collegiate ice hockey player anthropometrics and aerobic fitness over 3 decades.

Over the past several decades, an increased emphasis on fitness training has emerged among collegiate ice hockey teams, with the objective of improving on-ice performance. However, it is unknown if this increase in training has translated over time into changes in the anthropometric and fitness profiles of collegiate ice hockey players. The purposes of this study were to describe anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%fat)) and aerobic fitness (peak oxygen consumption) characteristics of collegiate ice hockey players over a period of 36 years and to evaluate whether these characteristics differ among player positions.

Expression of Adipocyte/Macrophage Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Breast Cancer Progression.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a critical role in cancer development and progression. However, the heterogeneity of TAM presents a major challenge to identify clinically relevant markers for protumor TAM. Here, we report that expression of adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) in TAM promotes breast cancer progression.

Effects of deuterium oxide on cell growth and vesicle speed in RBL-2H3 cells.

For the first time we show the effects of deuterium oxide on cell growth and vesicle transport in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. RBL-2H3 cells cultured with 15 moles/L deuterium showed decreased cell growth which was attributed to cells not doubling their DNA content. Experimental observations also showed an increase in vesicle speed for cells cultured in deuterium oxide.