Short-Term Outcomes Using a Novel Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Keratotomy Nomogram to Manage Corneal Astigmatism During Phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a femtosecond laser assisted astigmatic keratotomy (AK) nomogram (FemtoAK.com) for correction of astigmatism during cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive patients underwent cataract extraction with AKs and insertion of a non-toric intraocular lens.

Cooking with the Community: Addressing Food Insecurity Through Equipment Provision and Professional Instruction.

Introduction: Food insecurity is a common problem with many associated negative downstream health impacts. Despite government sponsored and private supports, many individuals struggle with making healthy, nutritious meals. Penn State's Cooking with the Community program was constructed with the objective of providing cooking equipment and instructions to increase knowledge of healthy cooking techniques and consumption of under-utilized food pantry ingredients.

Race and Ethnic Representation in Crohn's Disease Trials of Biologic and Small Molecule Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Randomised controlled trials historically under-represent marginalised racial and ethnic populations. As incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease in these groups rise, it is important to characterise their inclusion in randomised controlled trials on first-line and pipe-line medications.

Methods: PubMed was searched systematically for randomised controlled trials of biologic and small molecule inhibitor [SMI] medications, with a primary outcome related to efficacy following PRISMA guidelines.

Characterization of Traumatic Injury During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a National Healthcare Database.

Objective: To characterize traumatic injury patterns after stay-at-home orders were implemented in the United States in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A retrospective review of a convenience sample of patients from a national healthcare research database (TriNetX) was conducted from April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. Inclusion criteria included all patients with documentation of both injury pattern and mechanism of injury.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The temporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness (VE) against infection, symptomatic, and severe COVID-19 is incompletely defined. The temporal evolution of VE could be dependent on age, vaccine types, variants of the virus, and geographic region. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the duration of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19 and severe COVID-19.

Comparison of Barrett and Emmetropia Verifying Optical Toric Calculators.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the Barrett (BTC) and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) Toric Calculators' performance with regards to prediction of residual post-operative astigmatism after cataract surgery.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of de-identified data that was collected as part of a prospective multicenter clinical trial in which 109 eyes from 109 patients were implanted with a monofocal toric intraocular lens (IOL). Post-operative biometry was used to calculate the predicted post-operative residual astigmatism for each eye using the two different calculators.

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Short-term and long-term persistent postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) have not been systematically evaluated. The incidence and evolution of PASC are dependent on time from infection, organ systems and tissue affected, vaccination status, variant of the virus, and geographic region.

Objective: To estimate organ system-specific frequency and evolution of PASC.

Global optical coherence tomography measures for detecting the progression of glaucoma have fundamental flaws.

Objective: To understand the problems involved in using global OCT measures for detecting progression in early glaucoma.

Subjects/methods: Eyes from 76 patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) had a least two OCT scans at least 1 year apart. To determine the 95% confidence intervals (CI), 151 eyes (49 HC and 102 patients) had at least two scans within 6 months.

Reasons why OCT Global Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness is a Poor Measure of Glaucomatous Progression.

Purpose: To assess the effects of local defects, segmentation errors, and improper image alignment on the performance of the commonly used optical coherence tomography (OCT) measure of progression, that is the change in global (average) circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness (ΔG).

Methods: One hundred fifty eyes suspected of, or with, early glaucoma had OCT circle and cube scans obtained using eye tracking on two occasions at least 1 year apart. Statistical progression was defined by fixed values of ΔG (3-8 um) and quantile regression.

An Automated Method for Assessing Topographical Structure-Function Agreement in Abnormal Glaucomatous Regions.

Purpose: To develop an automated/objective method for topographically comparing abnormal regions on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) tests of eyes with early glaucoma.

Methods: A custom R program was developed that allows for both visualization and automatic assessment of the topographical agreement between functional (24-2 and/or 10-2 VF) and structural (widefield OCT retinal nerve fiber layer and/or retinal ganglion cell layer) deviation/probability maps. It was optimized using information from 98 eyes: 53 diagnosed as "definitely glaucoma" (DG) and 45 recruited as healthy (H) controls.

Association of Macular Visual Field Measurements With Glaucoma Staging Systems.

Importance: Macular function is important for daily activities but is underestimated when tested with 24-2 visual fields, which are often used to classify glaucoma severity.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that current glaucoma staging systems underestimate glaucoma severity by not detecting macular damage.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a glaucoma referral practice.