Bone acquisition in healthy young females is reciprocally related to marrow adiposity.

Context: Considerable evidence indicates that osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common progenitor cell in the bone marrow that is capable of mutually exclusive differentiation into the cell lineages responsible for bone and fat formation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between bone acquisition and changes in marrow adiposity.

Design: This was a longitudinal study.

Probing DNA- and ATP-mediated conformational changes in the MutS family of mispair recognition proteins using deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.

We have performed deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS) to probe the conformational changes that the bacterial MutS homodimer and the homologous eukaryotic heterodimer Msh2-Msh6 undergo when binding to ATP or DNA. The DXMS data support the view that high affinity binding to mispair-containing DNA and low affinity binding to fully base-paired DNA both involve forming rings by MutS protein family dimers around the DNA; however, mispair binding protects additional regions from deuterium exchange. DXMS also reveals two distinct conformations upon binding one or two ATP molecules and that binding of two ATP molecules propagates conformational changes to other regions of the protein complexes.

Vitamin D status and its relation to muscle mass and muscle fat in young women.

Context: Vitamin D insufficiency has now reached epidemic proportions and has been linked to increased body fat and decreased muscle strength. Whether vitamin D insufficiency is also related to adipose tissue infiltration in muscle is not known.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the degree of fat infiltration in muscle.

A conserved MutS homolog connector domain interface interacts with MutL homologs.

Escherichia coli MutS forms a mispair-dependent ternary complex with MutL that is essential for initiating mismatch repair (MMR) but is structurally uncharacterized, in part owing to its dynamic nature. Here, we used hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and other methods to identify a region in the connector domain (domain II) of MutS that binds MutL and is required for mispair-dependent ternary complex formation and MMR. A structurally conserved region in Msh2, the eukaryotic homolog, was required for formation of a mispair-dependent Msh2-Msh6-Mlh1-Pms1 ternary complex.

Adiposity predicts carotid intima-media thickness in healthy children and adolescents.

Objective: To examine whether anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein are related to ultrasound measures of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in children and teenagers with no known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 599 subjects, 6 to 20 years of age (292 males, 307 females; 224 Hispanics, 210 European-Americans, 126 African-Americans, and 39 Asian-Americans) whose body mass index, waist circumference, BP, lipid profiles, and values for CIMT were determined.

Results: Measures of CIMT were significantly greater in males than females (P=.

Reciprocal relations of subcutaneous and visceral fat to bone structure and strength.

Context: Increased body fat is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, yet it is uncertain whether obesity protects against osteoporosis or adiposity is harmful to bone.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether the pattern of adipose tissue deposition influences bone structure and strength.

Design: The relations between sc and visceral adiposity and the cross-sectional dimensions and polar and principal moments of the femur in 100 healthy women ages 15 to 25 years were obtained using computed tomography.