Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults: a systematic review.

Introduction: Excessive water intake is rarely associated with life-threatening hyponatraemia. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with excess water intake.

Methods: This review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Role of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase in Mediating Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a serine/threonine protein involved in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling that may mediate kidney cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) due to its pleiotropic effects on proliferation and survival. To test this hypothesis, the expression of DNA-PK in human ADPKD and the in vitro effects of DNA-PK inhibition in a three-dimensional model of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cyst growth and human ADPKD cells were assessed. In human ADPKD, the mRNA expression for all three subunits of the DNA-PK complex was increased, and using immunohistochemistry, the catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) was detected in the cyst lining epithelia of human ADPKD, in a focal manner.

Long-term dietary nitrate supplementation does not reduce renal cyst growth in experimental autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Augmentation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, either by the classical L-arginine-NO synthase pathway, or the recently discovered entero-salivary nitrate-nitrite-NO system, may slow the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). To test this hypothesis, the expression of NO in human ADPKD cell lines (WT 9-7, WT 9-12), and the effect of L-arginine on an in vitro model of three-dimensional cyst growth using MDCK cells, was examined. In addition, groups of homozygous Pkd1RC/RC mice (a hypomorphic genetic ortholog of ADPKD) received either low, moderate or high dose sodium nitrate (0.

Up-Regulation of DNA Damage Response Signaling in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

DNA damage and alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling could be one of the molecular mechanisms mediating focal kidney cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that markers of DNA damage and DDR signaling are increased in human and experimental ADPKD. In the human ADPKD transcriptome, the number of up-regulated DDR-related genes was increased by 16.

Assessment of Dietary Sodium Intake Using the Scored Salt Questionnaire in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

The excess intake of dietary sodium is a key modifiable factor for reducing disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the scored salt questionnaire (SSQ; a frequency questionnaire of nine sodium-rich food types) is a valid instrument to identify high dietary salt intake in ADPKD. The performance of the SSQ was evaluated in adults with ADPKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.