Nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality. A population-based study.

To estimate the magnitude of nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality and describe its parameters, we reviewed the medical records of all deaths certified as due to this cause among Rhode Island residents from 1979 through 1987. After excluding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, we confirmed that nonmelanoma skin cancer was the cause of death for 51 individuals, a quarter of the number of melanoma deaths reported. The age-adjusted nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality rate was 0.

Embryological considerations of distinctive feature theory.

The role of the physiology is emphasized here, perhaps to the eventual denial of the importance of the acoustic cues involved at these stages. The acoustic cues are the result of the physiology and are a further development of the features of speech. The selection of the sounds of babbling is a function of the physiological readiness and is an internal function [Locke, 1983].

Preventing alcohol problems: survey of Canadian medical schools.

In preparation for a national conference on medical education in the prevention of alcohol problems, a survey of conference participants was conducted. Participants were undergraduate and postgraduate representatives from each Canadian medical school and representatives from 11 provincial and territorial alcohol and other drug agencies. There was agreement that physicians and medical schools have important roles in prevention and treatment of alcohol problems, with "traditional" medical roles seen as the most important.

Hib vaccine coverage in children attending day care/nursery school in East York.

This survey assessed Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine coverage and factors affecting compliance in children at increased risk. A telephone survey was conducted of a random sample of 75 children, aged 24-60 months, attending licensed day care/nursery schools in East York. 96% of the sample was surveyed; only 51% were vaccinated.

Discharge holding area: using inpatient beds more efficiently.

Unlike many private hospitals which are closing beds or have low census, one county hospital has an increase in the number of acutely ill patients who require admission. Frequently, bed availability is impeded by delays in final departure of discharged patients. A discharge holding area is an economical solution to expediting bed availability of discharged patients.

A population survey on legislative measures to restrict smoking in Ontario: 4. Variables related to knowledge of active and passive smoking health effects and to predicted behavior of smokers and nonsmokers.

Results from the further analysis of a population survey on legislative measures to restrict smoking revealed that identification of subgroups of smokers is more reliable than identification of subgroups of nonsmokers when a variety of attitudes were the measures of interest. A similar pattern emerged when analyses were carried out on knowledge of active and passive smoking health effects and on predicted personal and general compliance. Because distinct sets of variables were found to be related to distinct outcomes, program planning for changes in knowledge and behavior might, of necessity, have to be different.

A population survey on legislative measures to restrict smoking in Ontario: 3. Variables related to attitudes of smokers and nonsmokers.

A telephone survey of 1,383 residents of Ontario was conducted to assess attitudes toward antismoking legislation and knowledge of active and passive smoking health effects. After estimation of population parameters, analyses were carried out separately in smokers and nonsmokers to determine which characteristics, if any, were related to positive and negative attitudes, higher or lower knowledge scores, and predicted compliance or noncompliance with restrictive measures. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out.

Rapid segregation of heteroplasmic bovine mitochondria.

By following the transmission of a heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation through four generations of Holstein cows, we have documented that substantial shifts in the levels of heteroplasmy can occur between single mammalian generations, that neutral mitochondrial genotypes can segregate in different directions in offspring of the same female, and that a return to homoplasmy may occur in only two or three generations. This apparently rapid rate of mitochondrial DNA segregation in mammals contrasts to the much slower rates observed previously in insects and suggest fundamental differences between taxa regarding the mechanisms of mitochondrial gene transmission.

Long-term colonization of spinal cord injury patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The duration of colonization of the human perineum, bowel, and urethra with Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in 10 male patients with spinal cord injury while they were undergoing rehabilitation in the hospital. Colonization defined as persistence of klebsiellae of the same serotype occurred on 13 occasions in five of the patients for up to 55 days. Colonization was less marked with Klebsiella than with Pseudomonas spp.

Nutritional support in the critically ill elderly patient.

Optimal recovery of the critically ill elderly patient depends on an adequate nutritional state. Preventing and treating malnutrition is fundamental to the provision of good patient care, yet providing nutritional support to the critically ill elderly is challenging. Health care has not reached the state of sophistication in which a few simple rules suffice.

A mathematical model for predicting relative muscle force with a perturbation analysis of selected muscle parameters.

A mathematical model is presented that predicts relative muscle forces using a minimum of experimentally derived input data. Tests of this model against literature values for maximum muscle force of four cat hindlimb muscles show a maximum error of only 5%. A perturbation analysis using this model demonstrates its sensitivity and applicability, as well as the congruence between this model and previous theoretical discussions of muscle function.

Intensity of follow-up. Effects on estimates in a population telephone survey with an extension of Kish's (1965) approach.

Information from a population telephone survey of attitudes of residents of the Province of Ontario, Canada, toward legislation to restrict smoking was used to examine the effects of intensity of follow-up on population estimates. It was found that the bias introduced to the attitude estimates by less intensive follow-up was smaller than the bias introduced to estimates of sociodemographic characteristics and smoking status. An algebraic determination of the components contributing to the bias in the attitude estimates was used to investigate how the relation between smoking status and certain attitudes influenced the relation between attitude and intensity of follow-up.

A population survey in Ontario regarding restrictive measures on smoking: relationship of smoking status to knowledge, attitudes and predicted behaviour.

A population survey of Ontario residents regarding knowledge of the health effects of smoking, attitudes towards restrictive measures, and predicted behaviour was carried out. Telephone responses of 490 current, 290 former, and 581 never smokers were compared. For both active and passive smoking, never smokers were most knowledgeable about health effects, former smokers being less knowledgeable, and current smokers least so.

In vivo H-2K and H-2D antigen expression in two allogeneic mouse tumours of low immunogenicity.

The B16 melanoma of C57BL/6 mice immunizes very poorly, even against its own major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. B16 cells expressed both H-2K and H-2D antigens in vitro as judged by binding of monoclonal antibodies to these antigens in indirect immunofluorescence staining. The in vivo MHC antigen expression of B16 was examined and compared with that of a second C57BL/6 tumour, the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), whose defective immunogenicity has been attributed to a selective deficiency in H-2K antigen expression.

Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in patients with spinal cord injury.

Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization of 53 patients with spinal cord injury was studied. Cultures of multiple body sites from patients, the environment, food, and hospital personnel were obtained. K.

ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA POLYMORPHISMS AMONG CHANNEL ISLAND DEER MICE.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 131 deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, collected on the eight California Channel Islands and from seven southern California mainland locations, was isolated and analyzed for restriction endonuclease fragment polymorphisms. A total of 26 mtDNA genotypes were distinguishable among the deer mice sampled. All of the island samples had mtDNA restriction-fragment patterns not found among the mainland samples.