Navigating the Genomic Landscape of Human Adipose Stem Cell-Derived β-Cells.

Diabetes is a pandemic manifested through glucose dysregulation mediated by inadequate insulin secretion by beta cells. A beta cell replacement strategy would transform the treatment paradigm from pharmacologic glucose modulation to a genuine cure. Stem cells have emerged as a potential source for beta cell (β-cell) engineering.

Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture of Intraoral Splints: A Potential Role in Cleft Care.

Background: Nasoalveolar molding is a nonsurgical modality for the treatment of cleft lip and palate that uses an intraoral splint to align the palatal shelves. Repeated impressions are needed for splint modification, each carrying risk of airway obstruction. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has the ability to simplify the process.

Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived CD34+/CD31- Cells into Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

In this study, CD34/CD31 progenitor cells were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue using magnetic activated cell sorting. The endothelial differentiation capability of these cells was evaluated by culturing them in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced medium for 14 days. Viability, proliferation, differentiation and tube formation of these cells were evaluated.

Cellular Based Strategies for Microvascular Engineering.

Vascularization is a major hurdle in complex tissue and organ engineering. Tissues greater than 200 μm in diameter cannot rely on simple diffusion to obtain nutrients and remove waste. Therefore, an integrated vascular network is required for clinical translation of engineered tissues.

Bioprinting functional tissues.

Despite the numerous lives that have been saved since the first successful procedure in 1954, organ transplant has several shortcomings which prevent it from becoming a more comprehensive solution for medical care than it is today. There is a considerable shortage of organ donors, leading to patient death in many cases. In addition, patients require lifelong immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection postoperatively.

Squid Ring Teeth-coated Mesh Improves Abdominal Wall Repair.

Background: Hernia repair is a common surgical procedure with polypropylene (PP) mesh being the standard material for correction because of its durability. However, complications such as seroma and pain are common, and repair failures still approach 15% secondary to poor tissue integration. In an effort to enhance mesh integration, we evaluated the applicability of a squid ring teeth (SRT) protein coating for soft-tissue repair in an abdominal wall defect model.

Non-coding RNAs in Various Stages of Liver Disease Leading to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Differential Expression of miRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and sno/mt-RNAs.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men and eighth leading cause of death in women in the United States in 2017. In our study, we sought to identify sncRNAs in various stages of development of HCC. We obtained publicly available small RNA-seq data derived from patients with cirrhosis (n = 14), low-grade dysplastic nodules (LGDN, n = 9), high grade dysplastic nodules (HGDN, n = 6), early hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC, n = 6), and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 20), along with healthy liver tissue samples (n = 9).

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma, is increasing in incidence. However, many practitioners who treat patients with breast cancer are not aware of this disease.

Objectives: To assess how BIA-ALCL develops, its risk factors, diagnosis, and subsequent treatment and to disseminate information about this entity to the medical field.

Small Non-coding RNA Abundance in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Footprint of a Rare Cancer.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare, but aggressive type of cancer, which affects both children and adults. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) play important roles and may serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In our study, we sought to identify sncRNAs associated with malignant adrenal tumors.

Concise Review: Bioprinting of Stem Cells for Transplantable Tissue Fabrication.

Bioprinting is a quickly progressing technology, which holds the potential to generate replacement tissues and organs. Stem cells offer several advantages over differentiated cells for use as starting materials, including the potential for autologous tissue and differentiation into multiple cell lines. The three most commonly used stem cells are embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult stem cells.

Bioprinting and Cellular Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of beta (β) cells in the pancreatic islets, leading to loss of insulin production and resultant hyperglycemia. Recent developments in stem cell biology have generated much excitement for β-cell replacement strategies; β cells are one of many cell types in the complex islet environment and pancreas. In this Opinion, we discuss recent successful attempts to generate β cells and how this can be coupled with bioprinting technologies in order to fabricate pancreas tissues, which holds great potential for type 1 diabetes.

Transplantation of Bioprinted Tissues and Organs: Technical and Clinical Challenges and Future Perspectives.

: Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a revolutionary technology in building living tissues and organs with precise anatomic control and cellular composition. Despite the great progress in bioprinting research, there has yet to be any clinical translation due to current limitations in building human-scale constructs, which are vascularized and readily implantable. In this article, we review the current limitations and challenges in 3D bioprinting, including in situ techniques, which are one of several clinical translational models to facilitate the application of this technology from bench to bedside.

A Comprehensive NGS Data Analysis of Differentially Regulated miRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs and sn/snoRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and is a major public health concern worldwide. Basic, clinical and epidemiological research is leading to improved cancer detection, prevention, and outcomes. Recent technological advances have allowed unbiased and comprehensive screening of genome-wide gene expression.