Elevated body mass index and obesity are associated with pain-associated psychological distress in patients with hip pain.

Introduction: Little research has investigated the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and body mass index (BMI) in the context of pain-associated psychological distress. This study aims to determine if independent associations exist between BMI, obesity, demographic variables, and psychological distress in patients presenting with hip pain.

Materials And Methods: Using a retrospective cross-sectional study design, 428 patients completed the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) and were categorized into pain-associated psychological distress phenotypes using latent class analysis.

The Golden Ticket? Widening Access in UK Medicine and the Making of an Emotional Proletariat.

'Widening Access' in UK medicine seeks to improve access on the basis of socioeconomic background (SEB). However, evidence has emerged of 'socially stratified' careers, as doctors from less advantaged backgrounds are more likely to train in less competitive specialties, such as psychiatry or primary care. These patterns have been welcomed to date as this improves access to care, yet less positive consequences have been overlooked.

From fibres to adhesives: evolution of spider capture threads from web anchors by radical changes in silk gland function.

Spider webs that serve as snares are one of the most fascinating and abundant type of animal architectures. In many cases they include an adhesive coating of silk lines-so-called viscid silk-for prey capture. The evolutionary switch from silk secretions forming solid fibres to soft aqueous adhesives remains an open question in the understanding of spider silk evolution.

Advancing youth transportation safety in North Carolina through addressing alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions.

The aim of this work is to analyze trends in youth transportation fatalities and injuries in North Carolina (NC), assess the implementation of ignition interlock devices (IIDs) in the United States and abroad, discuss policy implications for IIDs, and highlight health equity considerations related to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). MVCs cause the highest number of unintentional injury-related deaths for children and teenagers in NC, and policymakers should pay special attention to MVCs related to alcohol consumption. IIDs are effective in reducing collision rates and recidivism for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI).

End of life care for people with dementia and comorbid cancer: recent studies and research gaps.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review examines recent research on end of life (EOL) care for people with dementia and comorbid cancer, highlighting the complexity and challenge of providing effective EOL care for this group and areas of interest for future research.

Recent Findings: People with cancer and dementia and their family/supporters have more complex care and support needs at EOL that are less well met than those of older adults with cancer alone, including questionable use of aggressive EOL care interventions, poorer access to specialist palliative care teams and poor pain management. Those diagnosed with dementia at the same time as, or after their cancer diagnosis, are at greater risk of aggressive EOL care and EOL cancer treatment and care plans that are not able to meet their care needs as dementia progresses.

Does psychological distress predict risk of orthopaedic surgery and postoperative opioid prescribing in patients with hip pain? A retrospective study.

Background: Clinicians and public health professionals have allocated resources to curb opioid over-prescription and address psychological needs among patients with musculoskeletal pain. However, associations between psychological distress, risk of surgery, and opioid prescribing among those with hip pathologies remain unclear.

Methods: Using a retrospective cohort study design, we identified patients that were evaluated for hip pain from January 13, 2020 to October 27, 2021.

When the Penny Drops: Understanding how social class influences speciality careers in the UK medical profession.

In the UK, the medical profession is socially exclusive and socially stratified as doctors from more advantaged backgrounds are more likely to train for specialities with more competitive entry. However, in research to date the causes and consequences of social stratification have been overlooked. We explore this subject here, drawing on a qualitative study comprising in-depth interviews with 30 medical students and doctors from less advantaged socio-economic backgrounds negotiating medical school and early careers.

Effects of a self-affirmation intervention on responses to bowel cancer screening information.

Objective: To investigate the effect of two brief self-affirmation interventions, immediately prior to reading standard information about bowel cancer screening, on state anxiety, message acceptance and behavioural intention to screen for bowel cancer.

Methods: 242 adults aged 49 were randomised to one of two self-affirmation interventions (health or values) or one of two control conditions, before reading an NHS England bowel cancer screening leaflet. Participant friend and family history of bowel cancer, state anxiety, message acceptance, behavioural intention to screen, trait self-esteem and spontaneous self-affirmation were measured.

Antimicrobial resistance in the United States: Origins and future directions.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a critical public health problem that pervades hospitals and health systems worldwide. The ongoing AMR crisis is not only concerning for patient care but also healthcare delivery and quality. This article outlines key components of the origins of AMR in the United States and how it presents across the American healthcare system.

The Obesity Epidemic Is Not the Victims' Fault.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently issued two statements that 1) maintain that obesity causes diabetes and other expressions of the metabolic syndrome and 2) that imply obesity is the victim's fault. Both statements are incorrect and potentially harmful.

A SEER database retrospective cohort of 547 patients with penile non-squamous cell carcinoma: demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Introduction: Little research has investigated the prevalence and distribution of the diverse pathologies of non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) of the penis. Although rare in clinical practice, these cancers have become a focus of greater importance among patients, clinicians, and researchers, particularly in developing countries. The principal objective of this study was to analyze the major types of penile non-SCC, elucidate common treatment pathways, and highlight outcomes including 5-year survival.

Effects of a modified invitation letter to follow-up colonoscopy for bowel cancer detection.

Objective: To investigate whether modifications made to the current National Health Service (NHS) invitation letter for follow-up colonoscopy examination affect participant state anxiety and behavioural intentions to attend.

Methods: Five hundred and thirty-eight adults of bowel cancer-eligible screening age (56-74) were randomized to receive the current NHS invitation letter or the modified version of the letter as a hypothetical scenario. Modifications to the letter included fewer uses of the term cancer and awareness of alternative screening options.

Examining the role of nurse executives in homecare through the lens of the Sociology of Ignorance and Critical Management Studies.

This article presents a novel theoretical approach to explore nurse executives' paradoxical identity and agency of executive and nurse in homecare organizations. This complex phenomenon has yet to be well theorized or analyzed. Through a synthesis of literature, we demonstrate that Critical Management Studies, as informed by Foucault, and the Sociology of Ignorance, can create a different understanding of the complex interplay between knowledge and nonknowledge (ignorance) that positions nurse executives in both influential and precarious ways in homecare organizations.

Increased Breast and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Awareness Among Adults With and Without Diabetes and Information Provision on Diabetes Websites.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk of developing breast and bowel cancers but are less likely to participate in cancer screening.

Purpose: Two interlinked studies examined public awareness of the fact that T2DM increases breast and bowel cancer risk, and provision of this information on diabetes websites.

Methods: Study-1: phase-1 surveyed awareness of T2DM-increased cancer risk in a nationally-representative British sample aged 50-74 (N = 1,458) and compared respondents with and without T2DM (n = 125 vs.

Understanding the experiences and psychosocial support needs of caregivers of people with comorbid dementia and cancer.

Background: Family carers of people living with comorbid dementia and cancer (CDC) play a vital supportive role, but this may be particularly burdensome and adversely impact their own health and wellbeing.

Objective: To examine the experiences and psychosocial support needs of caregivers of people with CDC.

Methods: A flyer advertising the study was distributed to relevant UK voluntary sector organisations and shared across social media.

Cancer care for people with dementia: Literature overview and recommendations for practice and research.

As many countries experience population aging, patients with cancer are becoming older and have more preexisting comorbidities, which include prevalent, age-related, chronic conditions such as dementia. People living with dementia (PLWD) are vulnerable to health disparities, and dementia has high potential to complicate and adversely affect care and outcomes across the cancer trajectory. This report offers an overview of dementia and its prevalence among patients with cancer and a summary of the research literature examining cancer care for PLWD.

Barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy for cancer detection: patient and practitioner perspectives.

Objective: To further understand the barriers and facilitators to attending colonoscopy examination following a positive routinely offered stool test result, from the perspective of patients and Specialist Screening Practitioners (SSPs).

Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants ( 32) were patients ( = 20) who, as part of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England, were invited to attend a colonoscopy examination, and SSPs ( 12), who worked for the BCSP in England.

Identifying ways to improve diabetes management during cancer treatments (INDICATE): protocol for a qualitative interview study with patients and clinicians.

Introduction: A large and growing number of patients with cancer have comorbid diabetes. Cancer and its treatment can adversely impact glycaemic management and control, and there is accumulating evidence that suboptimal glycaemic control during cancer treatment is a contributory driver of worse cancer-related outcomes in patients with comorbid diabetes. Little research has sought to understand, from the perspective of patients and clinicians, how and why different aspects of cancer care and diabetes care can complicate or facilitate each other, which is key to informing interventions to improve diabetes management during cancer treatments.

The Extent of Engagement With Telehealth Approaches by Patients With Advanced Cancer: Systematic Review.

Background: Telehealth approaches are increasingly being used to support patients with advanced diseases, including cancer. Evidence suggests that telehealth is acceptable to most patients; however, the extent of and factors influencing patient engagement remain unclear.

Objective: The aim of this review is to characterize the extent of engagement with telehealth interventions in patients with advanced, incurable cancer reported in the international literature.

The Finding My Way UK Clinical Trial: Adaptation Report and Protocol for a Replication Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial of a Web-Based Psychological Program to Support Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cancer survivors frequently report a range of unmet psychological and supportive care needs; these often continue after treatment has finished and are predictive of psychological distress and poor health-related quality of life. Web-based interventions demonstrate good efficacy in addressing these concerns and are more accessible than face-to-face interventions. Finding My Way (FMW) is a web-based, psycho-educational, and cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for cancer survivors developed in Australia.

Balancing the needs of individuals and services in cancer treatment for people with dementia: A focused ethnographic study.

Background: Managing multiple conditions is difficult for patients and their families, increasing complexity in care. Two of the most common long-term conditions, cancer and dementia, both disproportionately affect older adults. However, little is known about the needs and experiences of those living with both conditions, which could inform practice in the area.

Navigating cancer treatment and care when living with comorbid dementia: an ethnographic study.

Objectives: The risks of developing cancer and dementia increase as we age; however, this comorbidity remains relatively under-researched. This study reports on the challenges that people affected by comorbid cancer and dementia face when navigating engagement with cancer treatment within secondary care.

Materials And Methods: An ethnographic study recruiting 17 people with cancer and dementia, 22 relatives and 19 oncology staff in two UK National Health Service Trusts.